Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom
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560 citations
542 citations
Cites background from "Saponins, classification and occurr..."
...2005), distribution (Henry 2005; Vincken et al. 2007), structures (Vincken et al....
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...Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins belong, in a majority of cases, to oleanane-type, other skeleton types include ursane, lupane, hopane, germanicane, dammarane (Vincken et al. 2007)....
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...The sugar chain can contain from one to several monosaccharide residues, and is usually attached at C-3 (Vincken et al. 2007)....
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...…the more recent tackled biosynthesis (Haralampidis et al. 2002; Kalinowska et al. 2005), distribution (Henry 2005; Vincken et al. 2007), structures (Vincken et al. 2007; Sahu et al. 2008), biological and pharmacological activities of saponins (Sparg et al. 2004; Yang et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2007;…...
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...2007), structures (Vincken et al. 2007; Sahu et al. 2008), biological and pharmacological activities of saponins (Sparg et al....
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506 citations
Cites background from "Saponins, classification and occurr..."
...They also have a wide range of commercial applications in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and industrial biotechnology sectors (6, 88, 99, 119, 147)....
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...These sugar chains are usually composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and glucuronic acid (although other sugars may also be incorporated) and are added onto hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups, forming sugar acetals and sugar esters, respectively (147)....
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407 citations
Cites background from "Saponins, classification and occurr..."
...The saccharide chains are commonly attached at the C3 position (monodesmosidic), but some sapogenins contain two saccharide chains (bidesmosidic) attached at the C3 and C17 (via C28) position (Vincken et al., 2007)....
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392 citations
References
1,816 citations
"Saponins, classification and occurr..." refers background in this paper
...…1991; Kitagawa, 2002; Heng et al., 2006b), foaming and emulsifying properties (Price et al., 1987), pharmacological and medicinal properties (Attele et al., 1999), haemolytic properties (Oda et al., 2000; Sparg et al., 2004), as well as antimicrobial, insecticidal, and molluscicidal…...
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1,245 citations
"Saponins, classification and occurr..." refers background in this paper
...…over the last two decades, focussing on biosynthesis, isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activities of saponins (Kulshreshtha et al., 1972; Mahato et al., 1988, 1992a; Mahato and Nandy, 1991a; Mahato and Sen, 1997; Tan et al., 1999; Connolly and Hill, 2000; Sparg et al., 2004)....
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...All saponins derived from this oleanyl carbocation are classified as oleanane type saponins (Sparg et al., 2004)....
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...…Heng et al., 2006b), foaming and emulsifying properties (Price et al., 1987), pharmacological and medicinal properties (Attele et al., 1999), haemolytic properties (Oda et al., 2000; Sparg et al., 2004), as well as antimicrobial, insecticidal, and molluscicidal activities (Sparg et al., 2004)....
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...Saponins have found wide applications in beverages and confectionery, as well as in cosmetics (Price et al., 1987; Petit et al., 1995; Uematsu et al., 2000) and pharmaceutical products (Sparg et al., 2004)....
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...In a recent review (Sparg et al., 2004), saponins were classified into three classes, namely, the triterpenoid saponins, the spirostanol saponins and the furostanol saponins....
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635 citations
"Saponins, classification and occurr..." refers background in this paper
...Saponins have found wide applications in beverages and confectionery, as well as in cosmetics (Price et al., 1987; Petit et al., 1995; Uematsu et al., 2000) and pharmaceutical products (Sparg et al., 2004)....
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...…range of properties, which include sweetness and bitterness (Grenby, 1991; Kitagawa, 2002; Heng et al., 2006b), foaming and emulsifying properties (Price et al., 1987), pharmacological and medicinal properties (Attele et al., 1999), haemolytic properties (Oda et al., 2000; Sparg et al., 2004), as…...
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592 citations
"Saponins, classification and occurr..." refers background in this paper
...Saponins are often subdivided into two main classes, the triterpenoid and the steroid saponins (Abe et al., 1993), which are both derived from the 30 carbon atoms containing precursor oxidosqualene (Haralampidis et al., 2002)....
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...1) (Abe et al., 1993; Haralampidis et al., 2002)....
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...Many different kinds of cyclases (e.g. cycloartenol synthase, lanosterol synthase, b-amyrin synthase) have been described, and their mechanisms of action are well documented (Abe et al., 1993; Wendt et al., 2000; Wendt, 2005; Haralampidis et al., 2002; Thoma et al., 2004)....
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...Saponins are often subdivided into two main classes, the triterpenoid and the steroid saponins (Abe et al., 1993), which are both derived from the 30 carbon atoms containing precursor oxidosqualene (Haralampidis et al....
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...cycloartenol synthase, lanosterol synthase, b-amyrin synthase) have been described, and their mechanisms of action are well documented (Abe et al., 1993; Wendt et al., 2000; Wendt, 2005; Haralampidis et al., 2002; Thoma et al., 2004)....
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500 citations
"Saponins, classification and occurr..." refers background in this paper
...These advancements have stimulated the classification of natural products based on the biosynthesis of their carbon skeletons (Devon and Scott, 1972; Connolly and Hill, 1991; Xu et al., 2004)....
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