SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
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...quartile range) interval from symptom onset to hospital admission is 7 (3-9) days....
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...The mean (interquartile range) incubation period (the time from exposure to symptom onset) for COVID-19 is approximately 5 (2-7) days....
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"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on AC..." refers background or result in this paper
..., 2005) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 (Glowacka et al., 2011; Matsuyama et al., 2010; Shulla et al., 2011) for S protein priming in cell lines, and inhibition of both proteases is required for robust blockade of viral entry (Kawase et al....
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...In contrast, an S2 signal was largely absent in cells and particles expressing SARS-S (Figure 1B), as previously documented (Glowacka et al., 2011; Hofmann et al., 2004b)....
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...272 Cell 181, 271–280, April 16, 2020 cellular serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming (Glowacka et al., 2011; Matsuyama et al., 2010; Shulla et al., 2011)....
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...Collectively, our present findings and previouswork highlight TMPRSS2 as a host cell factor that is critical for spreadof several clinically relevant viruses, including influenza A viruses and coronaviruses (Gierer et al., 2013; Glowacka et al., 2011; Iwata-Yoshikawa et al., 2019; Kawase et al., 2012; Matsuyama et al., 2010; Shulla et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2015)....
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919 citations
"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on AC..." refers background in this paper
...However, ACE2 expression is not limited to the lung, and extrapulmonary spread of SARS-CoV in ACE2 tissues was observed (Ding et al., 2004; Gu et al., 2005; Hamming et al., 2004)....
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903 citations
"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on AC..." refers background in this paper
...The SARS-S/ACE2 interface has been elucidated at the atomic level, and the efficiency of ACE2 usage was found to be a key determinant of SARS-CoV transmissibility (Li et al., 2005a (Li et al., , 2005b ....
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835 citations
"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on AC..." refers background in this paper
...Expression plasmids for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, serotype Indiana) glycoprotein (VSV-G), Nipah virus (NiV) fusion (F) and attachment glycoprotein (G), SARS-S (derived from the Frankfurt-1 isolate) with or without a C-terminal HA epitope tag, HCoV-229E-S, MERS-S, human and bat angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), human aminopeptidase N (APN), human Cell 181, 271–280.e1–e5, April 16, 2020 e3 dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) and human TMPRSS2 have been described elsewhere (Bertram et al., 2010; Brinkmann et al., 2017; Gierer et al., 2013; Hoffmann et al., 2013; Hofmann et al., 2005; Kleine-Weber et al., 2019)....
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...In agreement with these findings, directed expression of human and bat (Rhinolophus alcyone) ACE2 but not human DPP4, the entry receptor used by MERS-CoV (Raj et al., 2013), or human APN, the entry receptor used by HCoV-229E (Yeager et al., 1992), allowed SARS-2-S- and SARS-S-driven entry into otherwise non-susceptible BHK-21 cells (Figure 3A)....
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..., 2013), or human APN, the entry receptor used by HCoV-229E (Yeager et al., 1992), allowed SARS-2-S- and SARS-S-driven entry into otherwise non-susceptible BHK-21 cells (Figure 3A)....
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694 citations
"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on AC..." refers background in this paper
...dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) and human TMPRSS2 have been described elsewhere (Bertram et al., 2010; Brinkmann et al., 2017; Gierer et al., 2013; Hoffmann et al., 2013; Hofmann et al., 2005; Kleine-Weber et al., 2019)....
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