SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications.
Khan Sharun,Kuldeep Dhama,A.M. Pawde,Christian Gortázar,Ruchi Tiwari,D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana,Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales,José de la Fuente,José de la Fuente,Izabela Michalak,Youssef A. Attia,Youssef A. Attia +11 more
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TLDR
In this article, a review analyzes the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in domestic and wild animal species and their possible implications on public health, which may eventually act as viral reservoirs.Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in China from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus Rhinolophus. Following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that cat-to-cat and ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place via contact and air. However, natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported only in pet dogs and cats, tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, and gorillas at zoos, and farmed mink and ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has been reported at several instances, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals-to-humans has only been reported from mink-to-humans in mink farms. Following the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the mink population, a new mink-associated SARS-CoV-2 variant emerged that was identified in both humans and mink. The increasing reports of SARS-CoV-2 in carnivores indicate the higher susceptibility of animal species belonging to this order. The sporadic reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and wild animal species require further investigation to determine if SARS-CoV-2 or related Betacoronaviruses can get established in kept, feral or wild animal populations, which may eventually act as viral reservoirs. This review analyzes the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in domestic and wild animal species and their possible implications on public health.read more
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Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Rekha Khandia,Shailja Singhal,Taha Alqahtani,Mohammad Amjad Kamal,Nahed A. El-Shall,Firzan Nainu,P. A. Desingu,Kuldeep Dhama +7 more
TL;DR: The most recently emerged variant of concern (VOC) is the Omicron (B.1.529) that has evolved due to the accumulation of high numbers of mutations especially in the spike protein, raising concerns for its ability to evade from pre-existing immunity acquired through vaccination or natural infection as well as overpowering antibodies-based therapies as mentioned in this paper .
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Omicron: What Makes the Latest SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern So Concerning?
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TL;DR: An overview of the mutations in the Omicron genome and the resulting changes in viral proteins compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains and their potential functional consequences is provided.
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The Evolution and Biology of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
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Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?
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TL;DR: The Omicron variant has been identified as a highly modified, contagious, and crucial variant among the five VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic as mentioned in this paper .
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe some ongoing worldwide surveillance efforts to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in companion, captive, wild, and farmed animals, as well as provide some perspectives on these efforts including the intra-and inter-species coronavirus transmissions, evolution, and their implications on the human-animal interface along with public health.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Jianzhong Shi,Zhiyuan Wen,Gongxun Zhong,Huanliang Yang,Chong Wang,Baoying Huang,Renqiang Liu,Xijun He,Lei Shuai,Ziruo Sun,Yubo Zhao,Peipei Liu,Libin Liang,Pengfei Cui,Jinliang Wang,Xianfeng Zhang,Yuntao Guan,Wenjie Tan,Guizhen Wu,Hualan Chen,Zhigao Bu +20 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins.
Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam,Na Jia,Ya-Wei Zhang,Marcus Ho-Hin Shum,Jia-Fu Jiang,Hongbo Zhu,Yigang Tong,Yongxia Shi,Xue-Bing Ni,Yunshi Liao,Wen-Juan Li,Bao-Gui Jiang,Wei Wei,Ting-Ting Yuan,Kui Zheng,Xiao-Ming Cui,Jie Li,Guangqian Pei,Xin Qiang,William Yiu-Man Cheung,Lian-Feng Li,Fang-Fang Sun,Si Qin,Jicheng Huang,Gabriel M. Leung,Edward C. Holmes,Yan-Ling Hu,Yi Guan,Wu-Chun Cao +28 more
TL;DR: The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.
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