Saúde coletiva, território e conflitos ambientais: bases para um enfoque socioambiental crítico
01 Oct 2014-Ciencia & Saude Coletiva (Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva)-Vol. 19, Iss: 10, pp 4071-4080
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present theoretical contributions to the construction of a critical socio-environmental approach from a review of the literature structured around previous work on the mapping of environmental conflicts, and conducting empirical studies in conflicting areas.
Abstract: The phenomenon of globalization and the increase in neo-extractivism in the global periphery intensify the search for new territories and natural resources for the economy, resulting in significant impacts on ecosystems and on the lives of vulnerable populations. It is considered that the environmental crisis imposes new challenges and requires an updating of the theoretical and methodological foundations of collective health and the social determinants of health. The scope of this paper is to present theoretical contributions to the construction of a critical socio-environmental approach from a review of the literature structured around previous work on the mapping of environmental conflicts, and conducting empirical studies in conflicting areas. The contributions of sociology, political ecology, postcolonial studies and geography is summarized for the discussion of the socio-environmental determinants of health, as well as experiences that integrate emancipatory knowledge, political subjects, resistances and alternatives for society.
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21 citations
01 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between health and environment in slums from a research project that analyzed the development of a public policy (PAC - Programa de Aceleracao do Crescimento - Growth Acceleration Program) in three slums in Rio de Janeiro (Alemao, Rocinha and Manguinhos) through participative methodology and research-action.
Abstract: In this article it is discussed the relationship between health and environment in slums from a research project that analyzed the development of a public policy (PAC - Programa de Aceleracao do Crescimento - Growth Acceleration Program) in three slums in Rio de Janeiro (Alemao, Rocinha and Manguinhos) through participative methodology and research-action. The themes that were prioritized - dwelling and sanitation - made it possible to raise three important processes revealing the social determination of health in slums: rootlessness, temporariness and invisibility. To recognize them through the dwellers' voices contributes to face the inequalities and injustice through the emancipatory promotion of health.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a panorama of conflitos socioambientais envolvendo os povos indigenas brasileiros, suas estrategias for garantir o acesso e a qualidade do Subsistema de Atencao a Saude Indigena (SASI), and alternativas that eles tem proposto for o enfrentamento dos problemas gerados are presented.
Abstract: Resumo O modelo de desenvolvimento brasileiro, fortemente baseado na producao de commodities e em industrias eletrointensivas para trocas nos mercados globais, gera desigualdades sociais e ambientais que desencadeiam diversos conflitos entre povos indigenas e grupos economicos envolvendo disputas por terra e bens comuns em contextos que influenciam fortemente a situacao de saude dessas comunidades. O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar um panorama dos conflitos socioambientais envolvendo os povos indigenas brasileiros, suas estrategias para garantir o acesso e a qualidade do Subsistema de Atencao a Saude Indigena (SASI), e alternativas que eles tem proposto para o enfrentamento dos problemas gerados. Esta analise se baseia em um mapeamento de conflitos ambientais baseado na revisao bibliografica de fontes secundarias (do movimento indigena ou seus parceiros) que subsidiaram a construcao de relatos sobre os conflitos e a analise das narrativas indigenas sobre o territorio onde vivem e suas lutas. A partir da qual concluimos que as estrategias de luta pela saude dos povos indigenas brasileiros sao influenciadas pelas suas disputas socioambientais e sao parte das mobilizacoes desses povos pelo reconhecimento integral de direitos.
11 citations
30 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The authors consider a regulacao em saude como uma acao complexa that lida com uma pluralidade de perspectivas em situacoes com inumeras incertezas existentes.
Abstract: Este estudo teorico-conceitual considera a regulacao em saude como uma acao complexa que lida com uma pluralidade de perspectivas em situacoes com inumeras incertezas existentes. A regulacao em saude possui finalidade de proteger a saude da populacao na defesa do interesse publico, sendo a dimensao da qualidade do conhecimento central para a tomada de decisoes. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo possui como objetivo discutir as contribuicoes teorico-metodologicas da Ciencia Pos-Normal para tal regulacao, abordagem que aprofunda e propoe estrategias de gestao de temas complexos relacionados a interface ciencia-politica. Destaca aspectos que a ciencia tradicional tende a desconsiderar como as incertezas, o peso dos valores e a pluralidade de perspectivas legitimas frente a qualidade dos tomadas de decisao, justificando a relevância dos processos participativos em uma perspectiva democratica e epistemologica. Conclui-se que a incorporacao das estrategias metodologicas da Ciencia Pos-Normal pode contribuir para a atividade regulatoria em saude por integrar epistemologia e politica, ampliando a qualidade das decisoes regulatorias.
10 citations
TL;DR: The article proposes a reinterpretation about the health crisis within a broader crisis of utopias and the need to reinvent social emancipation that can show us realistic paths of hope from the present.
Abstract: Resumo O artigo propoe uma leitura da crise da saude no interior de uma crise mais ampla das utopias e da necessidade de reinventarmos a emancipacao social que indique trilhas realistas de esperancas a partir do presente. Para isso propomos a articulacao de quatro tipos de justica: social, sanitaria, ambiental e cognitiva. As duas primeiras sao bem conhecidas do pensamento critico e da saude coletiva, e as duas ultimas ampliam o entendimento da crise em sua natureza civilizatoria, etica e planetaria, marcada pelas contradicoes e potencial destrutivo da modernidade eurocentrica, ocidental e capitalista. O social, na perspectiva assumida, e considerado indissociavel das dimensoes ecologicas, ontologicas e epistemologicas que marcarao os grandes embates na interface entre etica, politica, ciencia e transformacao social em tempos de acirramento das varias crises, surgimento de distopias e necessaria transicao civilizatoria. O artigo se apoia nas contribuicoes de tres campos do conhecimento: a saude coletiva, a ecologia politica e as abordagens pos-coloniais, em especial as epistemologias do Sul de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, em torno da reinvencao da emancipacao social. Ao final propomos breves reflexoes para que a saude coletiva produza alternativas sobre temas como desenvolvimento economico, cientifico e tecnologico, promocao, vigilância, atencao e cuidado.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: This paper argues that the central question becomes: who and what is responsible for population patterns of health, disease, and well-being, as manifested in present, past and changing social inequalities in health?
Abstract: In social epidemiology, to speak of theory is simultaneously to speak of society and biology. It is, I will argue, to speak of embodiment. At issue is how we literally incorporate, biologically, the world around us, a world in which we simultaneously are but one biological species among many—and one whose labour and ideas literally have transformed the face of this earth. To conceptualize and elucidate the myriad social and biological processes resulting in embodiment and its manifestation in populations' epidemiological profiles, we need theory. This is because theory helps us structure our ideas, so as to explain causal connections between specified phenomena within and across specified domains by using interrelated sets of ideas whose plausibility can be tested by human action and thought.1–3 Grappling with notions of causation, in turn, raises not only complex philosophical issues but also, in the case of social epidemiology, issues of accountability and agency: simply invoking abstract notions of ‘society’ and disembodied ‘genes’ will not suffice. Instead, the central question becomes: who and what is responsible for population patterns of health, disease, and well-being, as manifested in present, past and changing social inequalities in health?
1,719 citations
TL;DR: An argument for a more historically-informed analysis of the relationships between social structure and health, using the knowledgeable narratives of people in places as a window onto those relationships.
Abstract: The concept of social structure is one of the main building blocks of the social sciences, but it lacks any precise technical definition within general sociological theory. This paper reviews the way in which the concept has been deployed within medical sociology, arguing that in recent times it has been used primarily as a frame for the sociological interpretation of health inequalities and their social determinants. It goes on to examine the contribution that medical sociologists have made to the debate over health inequalities, giving particular attention to contributions to Sociology of Health and Illness. These have often provided a focus for discussions outside or critical of the mainstream debates that have been driven primarily by epidemiologists. The paper reviews some of the main points of criticism of epidemiological approaches, focusing in particular on the methodological constraints that limit the capacity of epidemiologists to develop more theoretically satisfactory accounts of the inter-relationships of social structure, context and agency in their impact on health and well being. Some recent examples from the Journal of more theoretically innovative and analytically fine-grained approaches to understanding the impact of social structure on health are then explored. The paper concludes with an argument for a more historically-informed analysis of the relationships between social structure and health, using the knowledgeable narratives of people in places as a window onto those relationships.
313 citations
16 Jul 2013
TL;DR: Palavras-chave et al. as mentioned in this paper present the history and thought of the Modernity/Coloniality (M/C) Group, from its split away from subaltern, Latin Americans and Indians, cultural and postcolonial studies in the late 90s.
Abstract: O objetivo principal do artigo e o de apresentar a trajetoria e o pensamento do Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade (M/C), a partir de sua ruptura com os estudos subalternos –latino-americanos e indianos –, culturais e pos-coloniais, no final dos anos 1990. O coletivo realizou um movimento epistemologico fundamental para a renovacao critica e utopica das ciencias sociais na America Latina no seculo XXI: a radicalizacao do argumento pos-colonial no continente atraves da nocao de “giro decolonial”. O artigo esta estruturado em duas partes. Em um primeiro momento, e tracada uma breve genealogia do pos-colonialismo. Posteriormente, apresenta-se a constituicao do grupo M/C e alguns conceitos centrais criados e compartilhados pelos seus principais expoentes. O trabalho pretende convidar o(a) leitor(a) para este debate, ainda incipiente na ciencia e teoria Politica no Brasil. Palavras-chave: pos-colonialismo, estudos subalternos, Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade, giro decolonial, America Latina. Abstract The aim of this article is to present the history and thought of the Modernity/Coloniality (M/C) Group, from its split away from subaltern – Latin Americans and Indians –, cultural and postcolonial studies in the late 90s. The group made a crucial epistemological move for critical and utopian renewal of social sciences in Latin America in the 21st century: the radicalization of the post-colonial argument through the ideia of "decolonial turn." At first, we draw a brief genealogy of postcolonialism. Subsequently, we present the establishment of the M/C group and some central concepts created and shared by its main exponents. The paper intends to invite the reader to this unfamiliar debate in social science and political theory in Brazil. Keywords: post-colonialism, subaltern studies, Modernity/Coloniality Group, decolonial turn, Latin America.
258 citations
TL;DR: In their own battles and strategy meetings since the early 1980s, environmental justice organizations and their networks have introduced several concepts to political ecology that have also been taken up by academics and policy makers.
Abstract: In their own battles and strategy meetings since the early 1980s, EJOs (environmental justice organizations) and their networks have introduced several concepts to political ecology that have also been taken up by academics and policy makers. In this paper, we explain the contexts in which such notions have arisen, providing definitions of a wide array of concepts and slogans related to environmental inequities and sustainability, and explore the connections and relations between them. These concepts include: environmental justice, ecological debt, popular epidemiology, environmental racism, climate justice, environmentalism of the poor, water justice, biopiracy, food sovereignty, "green deserts", "peasant agriculture cools downs the Earth", land grabbing, Ogonization and Yasunization, resource caps, corporate accountability, ecocide, and indigenous territorial rights, among others. We examine how activists have coined these notions and built demands around them, and how academic research has in turn further applied them and supplied other related concepts, working in a mutually reinforcing way with EJOs. We argue that these processes and dynamics build an activist-led and co-produced social sustainability science, furthering both academic scholarship and activism on environmental justice. Keywords: Political ecology, environmental justice organizations, environmentalism of the poor, ecological debt, activist knowledge
203 citations
TL;DR: This piece presents and analyzes a number of issues related to social medicine: the context of the emergence of social medicine, the differences between social medicine and public health, the theories, methods, and debates in social medicine; the main subjects or problems considered in social Medicine; and the difficulties of disseminating the concepts of social Medicine among English-speaking persons and among medical and public Health professionals in general.
Abstract: This piece presents and analyzes a number of issues related to social medicine: the context of the emergence of social medicine; the differences between social medicine and public health; the theories, methods, and debates in social medicine; the main subjects or problems considered in social medicine; and the difficulties of disseminating the concepts of social medicine among English-speaking persons and among medical and public health professionals in general. Latin American social medicine has challenged other views by contributing to an understanding of the determinants of the health-disease-health care process and by using theories, methods, and techniques that are little known in the field of public health. Introducing Latin American social medicine, especially among English speakers, will be difficult due to the conceptual complexity of this field for persons who are accustomed to the theoretical framework of public health and medicine and also due to skepticism concerning research coming from the Third World. A multidisciplinary team is facing this challenge through two primary initiatives: 1) the creation of an Internet portal and database where there are structured abstracts in English, Portuguese, and Spanish of books, book chapters, and articles on social medicine and 2) the electronic publication of two journals on Latin American social medicine.
116 citations