Scalability of OPC-UA down to the chip level enables “Internet of Things”
29 Jul 2013-pp 500-505
TL;DR: This paper has investigated the OPC-UA as a middleware solution for low end resource-limited devices, such as sensors, and implemented an Opc-UA server based on the “Nano Embedded Device Server profiles” of the O PC Foundation.
Abstract: Many implementations of the OPC-UA are increasingly available. Until now, use of technologies like the OPC-UA was limited to embedded systems with a sufficient amount of memory resources. OPC-UA offers a scalable feature set that could be tailored according to application demands. We believe that a key to successfully enable Internet of Things for the industrial automation applications lies in bringing down the OPC-UA into low end resource-limited devices, such as sensors. Because the OPC-UA provides a powerful information representation that is exchangeable through interoperable services. This paper has investigated the OPC-UA as a middleware solution for such resource-limited devices. For a proof of concept we have implemented an OPC-UA server based on the “Nano Embedded Device Server profiles” of the OPC Foundation.
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TL;DR: The impact of IoT and CPSs on industrial automation from an industry 4.0 perspective is reviewed, a survey of the current state of work on Ethernet time-sensitive networking (TSN) is given, and the need for harmonization beyond networking is pointed out.
Abstract: With the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyberphysical system (CPS) concepts in industrial application scenarios, industrial automation is undergoing a tremendous change. This is made possible in part by recent advances in technology that allow interconnection on a wider and more fine-grained scale. The purpose of this article is to review technological trends and the impact they may have on industrial communication. We will review the impact of IoT and CPSs on industrial automation from an industry 4.0 perspective, give a survey of the current state of work on Ethernet time-sensitive networking (TSN), and shed light on the role of fifth-generation (5G) telecom networks in automation. Moreover, we will point out the need for harmonization beyond networking.
1,242 citations
Cites methods from "Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..."
...In addition, IT technologies adopted for automation purposes, such as OPC UA, will be used here [43], [44]....
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Cites background from "Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..."
...Imtiaz and Jasperneite [33] developed a Nano OPC UA server which can be integrated into low-memory devices and at the same time possessing all the features of a standard OPC UA server....
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TL;DR: Comparisons are drawn about how different architectures suit Industry 4.0 as well as decentralized control approaches and hierarchies and need for action for the development of production controls of Industry 5.0 is derived.
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References
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Book•
16 Apr 2009TL;DR: The OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) as mentioned in this paper unifies the existing standards and brings them to state-of-the-art technology using service-oriented architecture (SOA).
Abstract: The OPC Foundation defines standards for online data exchange between automation systems. They address access to current data (OPC DA), alarms and events (OPC A&E) and historical data (OPC HDA). Those standards are successfully applied in industrial automation. The new OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) unifies the existing standards and brings them to state-of-the-art technology using service-oriented architecture (SOA). Main advantages of the new standard are: Platform-independent technology allows the deployment of OPC UA beyond current OPC applications only running on Windows-based PC systems. OPC UA can also run on embedded systems as well as Linux / UNIX based enterprise systems. The provided information can be generically modeled and therefore arbitrary information models can be provided using OPC UA. This book gives an easy to understand introduction into OPC UA and explains the concepts of the standard and other relevant topics that are not directly addressed by the standard.
422 citations
"Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..." refers background in this paper
...This is to enable a vertical integration and a consistence view of a network’s services to an application programmer [5], [6]....
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11 May 2011
TL;DR: The research conducted is driving the creation of a useful and powerful Internet of Things, which is driven by an expansion of the Internet through the inclusion of physical objects combined with an ability to provide smarter services to the environment as more data becomes available.
Abstract: The Internet is a living entity, always changing and evolving. New applications and businesses are created continuously. In addition to an evolving Internet, technology is also changing the landscape. Broadband connectivity is becoming cheap and ubiquitous; devices are becoming more powerful and smaller with a variety of on-board sensors. The proliferation of more devices becoming connected is leading to a new paradigm: the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is driven by an expansion of the Internet through the inclusion of physical objects combined with an ability to provide smarter services to the environment as more data becomes available. Various application domains ranging from Green-IT and energy efficiency to logistics are already starting to benefit from Internet of Things concepts. There are challenges associated with the Internet of Things, most explicitly in areas of trust and security, standardisation and governance required to ensure a fair and trustworthy open Internet of Things which provides value to all of society. Internet of Things is high on the research agenda of several multinationals as well as the European Commission and countries such as China. The research conducted is driving the creation of a useful and powerful Internet of Things. The benefits of Internet of Things to the developing and emerging economies are significant, and strategies to realise these need to be found.
308 citations
"Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..." refers background in this paper
...Figure 1 illustrates major elements of a typical OPC-UA client/server architecture and describes how they relate to each other....
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TL;DR: The present work exploits the association of EPS and SOA paradigms in the pursuit of a common architectural solution to support the different phases of the device lifecycle to form a modular, adaptive and open infrastructure forming a complete SOA ecosystem.
Abstract: Nowadays, Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is becoming a broadly deployed standard for business and enterprise integration. It continuously spreads across the diverse layers of the enterprise organization and disparate domains of application envisioning a unified communication solution. In the industrial domain, Evolvable Production System (EPS) paradigm focus on the identification of guidelines and solutions to support the design, operation, maintenance, and evolution of complete industrial infrastructures. Similarly to several other domains, the crescent ubiquity of smart devices is raising important lifecycle concerns such as device setup, control, management, supervision and diagnosis. From initial setup and deployment to system lifecycle monitoring and evolution, each device needs to be taken into account and easily reachable. The present work exploits the association of EPS and SOA paradigms in the pursuit of a common architectural solution to support the different phases of the device lifecycle. The result is a modular, adaptive and open infrastructure forming a complete SOA ecosystem that will make use of the embedded capabilities supported by the proposed device model. The infrastructure components are specified and it is shown how they can interact and be combined to adapt to current system specificity and requirements. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype deployed in a real industrial production scenario is also detailed and results are presented.
138 citations
Additional excerpts
...Real objects represent the elements of a process application and are accessible via the OPC-UA means....
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13 Jul 2010
TL;DR: It is illustrated that neither one of these specifications can alone entirely cope with the requirements of service-oriented industrial domain device level and that a combined approach promises to deliver an important contribution.
Abstract: Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) is increasingly relevant across several domains of application by promising systems openness and unification over a common design and communication paradigm. At device level, the application of SOA is carried, on one hand, by Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS) and complementary web-based specifications oriented towards resource management, and, on the other hand, by OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) framework. These are currently the major candidates to be deployed at device level in a service-oriented industrial scenario. This document offers an overlook over both approaches, along with some complementary WS-* specifications through an extensive technical assessment. Also, it illustrates that neither one of these specifications can alone entirely cope with the requirements of service-oriented industrial domain device level and that a combined approach promises to deliver an important contribution. Synergies between the two sets of specifications for a more conformant solution are identified, and a convergence approach is enunciated in an era where it is imperative to avoid unnecessary layers of integration across enterprise infrastructure to ensure a more agile, lean and sustainable development.
89 citations
"Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..." refers background in this paper
...Because on one hand there is a wide range of ever increasing (for now) features and on the other hand there are specific application needs of different technical domains, making design decisions difficult for OPC-UA products (e.g. servers)....
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...Real objects represent the elements of a process application and are accessible via the OPC-UA means....
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TL;DR: This work introduced three building blocks as key components for a generic RTE system, these includes topology-based addressing, optimized datagram transfer, and synchronous scheduling.
Abstract: After the introduction of fieldbus technology, real-time Ethernet (RTE) systems now form the second generation of industrial communication systems (2G ICS). A lot of different approaches for RTEs appeared during the last years, most of them optimized for specific use cases or application domains. From a user's perspective, the transition from a proved fieldbus system to a RTE only makes sense, if multiple system properties are improved significantly in comparison to the state-of-the-art. In order to address such main requirements of machine builders, we introduced three building blocks as key components for a generic RTE system, these includes topology-based addressing, optimized datagram transfer, and synchronous scheduling.
79 citations
"Scalability of OPC-UA down to the c..." refers background in this paper
...Due to shorter product lifecycles and changing market conditions, the current production systems must become more flexible [1], [2]....
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