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Journal ArticleDOI

Scalable electrode materials with nanoporous current collector shells for supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal and volumetric capacitances

28 Sep 2021-Journal of Materials Chemistry (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 9, Iss: 37, pp 21302-21312
TL;DR: In this paper, hollow active materials were confined inside nano-scale current collectors to achieve high specific capacitance and high energy density of supercapacitors at the desired scale, and the resulting nanoporous Fe3O4-MCNTs@Ni electrodes exhibited a superhigh areal capacitance of 82.6 F cm−2 as well as a high volumetric capacitance.
Abstract: Supercapacitors are characterized by high power density, but a bottleneck exists regarding their limited energy density due to the conflict between achieving high mass loading and high specific capacitance with the current structural design. Although there have been concerted efforts to develop supercapacitors with high specific capacitance using nanostructured materials, the total mass loading of active materials is confined by their nano-scale thickness. Here we report an effective strategy to integrate active materials and current collectors through binding active materials and current collectors together in a 3D style. Contrary to the conventional configuration, hollow active materials were confined inside nano-scale current collectors in this work. The resulting nano-scale electrode materials could be compressed together in a scalable style to form nanoporous Fe3O4@Ni freestanding electrodes at the desired scale. Consequently, symmetric supercapacitors were fabricated by Fe3O4@Ni electrodes, and showed a capacitance of 11.2 F cm−2, corresponding to an energy density of 94.4 mW h cm−3. The supercapacitor also exhibited an excellent cyclic capability with a capacitance retention of 107% after 10 000 cycles. The scalability of the electrode materials could be further enhanced by the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) during the synthesis process, and the resulting 0.665-thick Fe3O4-MCNTs@Ni electrode with an Fe3O4 content of 79.4 mg cm−2 exhibited a superhigh areal capacitance of 82.6 F cm−2 as well as a high volumetric capacitance of 1242 F cm−3. This work demonstrates that large mass loading, large specific capacitance, high energy density, and good cyclability of supercapacitors can be achieved simultaneously through the effective structural design of electrodes at the multi-scale.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: FeCoSe2 nanosheets are fabricated for hybrid supercapacitors in this paper , where they are encapsulated in a graphene network and used for supercap-charging. But their performance is limited.
Abstract: FeCoSe2 nanosheets@NiCoSe2 nanoflowers encapsulated in a graphene network are fabricated for hybrid supercapacitors.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a novel Reline DES electrolyte is studied and its anticorrosive electrochemical performance is evaluated in carbon-based ECs using stainless steel current collector (316L).

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using biomass waste as supercapacitor material has been one of themost widely used method owing to high performance, low cost and sustainable green economy as mentioned in this paper . Herein, we employ ramuli mori, a...
Abstract: Using biomass waste as supercapacitor material has been one of themost widely used method owing to high performance, low cost and sustainable green economy. Herein, we employ ramuli mori, a...

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an unprecedented approach for the GO modification with thioamide-based polymers featuring numerous heteroatoms (S,N,O) is reported, which is instrumental for achieving superior electrochemical performance in symmetric supercapacitors.
Abstract: The controlled chemical functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) represents a powerful strategy to finely tune its physical and chemical properties toward applications in energy storage. Herein, an unprecedented approach for the GO modification with thioamide‐based polymers featuring numerous heteroatoms (S,N,O) is reported, which is instrumental for achieving superior electrochemical performance in symmetric supercapacitors. While the electrochemical investigations in aqueous electrolytes reveal specific capacitance of 221 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, the use of organic media allows the specific capacitance to be boosted up to 340 F g−1. Additionally, the increase of operating window yields energy densities as high as 94.4 Wh kg−1, thereby exceeding state‐of‐the‐art performances of GO‐based supercapacitors. Furthermore, the symmetric devices exhibit great robustness in both aqueous and organic electrolytes as evidenced by an excellent stability after 5000 working cycles (>98% in H2SO4 and >90% in TEABF4/ACN).
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) porous current collectors is a pioneering strategy to improve the energy density and power density of wire-like supercapacitors.
Abstract: Synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) porous current collectors is a pioneering strategy to improve the energy density and power density of wire-like supercapacitors. The strategy is further promoted in this work...
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
14 Mar 2014-Science
TL;DR: Electrochemical measurements can distinguish between different types of energy storage materials and their underlying mechanisms, used to recover power in cars and electric mass transit vehicles that would otherwise lose braking energy as heat.
Abstract: Electrochemical measurements can distinguish between different types of energy storage materials and their underlying mechanisms.

4,394 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the pseudocapacitance properties of transition metal oxides have been investigated and a review of the most relevant pseudo-capacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes is presented.
Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage technology is based on devices capable of exhibiting high energy density (batteries) or high power density (electrochemical capacitors). There is a growing need, for current and near-future applications, where both high energy and high power densities are required in the same material. Pseudocapacitance, a faradaic process involving surface or near surface redox reactions, offers a means of achieving high energy density at high charge–discharge rates. Here, we focus on the pseudocapacitive properties of transition metal oxides. First, we introduce pseudocapacitance and describe its electrochemical features. Then, we review the most relevant pseudocapacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The major challenges for pseudocapacitive materials along with a future outlook are detailed at the end.

3,930 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that hybrid structures made of nanoporous gold and nanocrystalline MnO(2) have enhanced conductivity, resulting in a specific capacitance of the constituent MnO (2) (~1,145 F g(-1)) that is close to the theoretical value.
Abstract: Electrochemical supercapacitors can deliver high levels of electrical power and offer long operating lifetimes, but their energy storage density is too low for many important applications. Pseudocapacitive transition-metal oxides such as MnO(2) could be used to make electrodes in such supercapacitors, because they are predicted to have a high capacitance for storing electrical charge while also being inexpensive and not harmful to the environment. However, the poor conductivity of MnO(2) (10(-5)-10(-6) S cm(-1)) limits the charge/discharge rate for high-power applications. Here, we show that hybrid structures made of nanoporous gold and nanocrystalline MnO(2) have enhanced conductivity, resulting in a specific capacitance of the constituent MnO(2) (~1,145 F g(-1)) that is close to the theoretical value. The nanoporous gold allows electron transport through the MnO(2), and facilitates fast ion diffusion between the MnO(2) and the electrolytes while also acting as a double-layer capacitor. The high specific capacitances and charge/discharge rates offered by such hybrid structures make them promising candidates as electrodes in supercapacitors, combining high-energy storage densities with high levels of power delivery.

1,894 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review recent progress, from both in situ experiments and advanced simulation techniques, in understanding the charge storage mechanism in carbon- and oxide-based supercapacitors.
Abstract: Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices that operate on the simple mechanism of adsorption of ions from an electrolyte on a high-surface-area electrode. Over the past decade, the performance of supercapacitors has greatly improved, as electrode materials have been tuned at the nanoscale and electrolytes have gained an active role, enabling more efficient storage mechanisms. In porous carbon materials with subnanometre pores, the desolvation of the ions leads to surprisingly high capacitances. Oxide materials store charge by surface redox reactions, leading to the pseudocapacitive effect. Understanding the physical mechanisms underlying charge storage in these materials is important for further development of supercapacitors. Here we review recent progress, from both in situ experiments and advanced simulation techniques, in understanding the charge storage mechanism in carbon- and oxide-based supercapacitors. We also discuss the challenges that still need to be addressed for building better supercapacitors.

1,565 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jan 2012-ACS Nano
TL;DR: A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated through a simple flame synthesis method and electrochemical deposition process based on a carbon nanoparticles/MnO(2) nanorods hybrid structure using polyvinyl alcohol/H(3)PO(4) electrolyte to highlight the path for its enormous potential in energy management.
Abstract: A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated through a simple flame synthesis method and electrochemical deposition process based on a carbon nanoparticles/MnO2 nanorods hybrid structure using polyvinyl alcohol/H3PO4 electrolyte. Carbon fabric is used as a current collector and electrode (mechanical support), leading to a simplified, highly flexible, and lightweight architecture. The device exhibited good electrochemical performance with an energy density of 4.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 14 kW/kg, and a demonstration of a practical device is also presented, highlighting the path for its enormous potential in energy management.

953 citations

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