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Book ChapterDOI

Schistosomiasis in cattle.

01 Jan 1998-Advances in Parasitology (Adv Parasitol)-Vol. 41, pp 285-364
TL;DR: This chapter provides an updated and comprehensive review on the main features of cattle schistosomiasis and indicates that suitable drugs are not available for mass treatment in domestic stock and are unlikely to be developed in the near future.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides an updated and comprehensive review on the main features of cattle schistosomiasis. The adult worms are obligate parasites of the blood vascular system of vertebrates. They live in the perivesical, nasal or mesenteric, and hepatic veins of the host where they feed on blood and produce nonoperculated eggs with a characteristic terminal or lateral spine. As many as 10 different species of schistosomes have been reported to naturally infect cattle. The geographical distribution of schistosome species infecting cattle is mainly determined by the distribution of their respective intermediate host snails. It is noted that most infections in endemic areas occur at a subclinical level. However, it has been established that high rates of prevalence of subclinical infections cause significant losses due to long-term effects on animal growth and productivity and increased susceptibility to other parasitic or bacterial disease. Despite this, schistosomes of veterinary concern have received relatively little attention. In addition, suitable drugs are not available for mass treatment in domestic stock and are unlikely to be developed in the near future. However, recent progress in identifying potentially protective parasite antigens has opened new perspectives in the control strategy against schistosomiasis.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vaccines targeted at animals could play an important role in controlling these three diseases in animals and, by blocking transmission of infection, have a concurrent beneficial effect on disease in humans.
Abstract: Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are digenetic trematodes and, therefore, possess similar life cycles. While schistosomiasis japonica has for a long time been recognised as a major disease of both humans and animals, infection with fasciolids has only been considered of relevance to animals. However, a number of recent reports indicate that fasciolosis is becoming a serious public health problem, especially in South America, Egypt and Iran (sporadic cases are also on the increase throughout Europe). Vaccines targeted at animals could play an important role in controlling these three diseases in animals and, by blocking transmission of infection, have a concurrent beneficial effect on disease in humans. Approaches towards identifying and producing vaccines against these parasites are similar and are discussed in this reveiw.

195 citations


Cites background from "Schistosomiasis in cattle."

  • ...Unfortunately, studies of protective immunity, in bovine schistosome infections are few (De Bont and Vercruysse, 1998), and, consequently, our knowledge of the immunology of S. japonicum infections in bovines is extremely limited....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of the Planorbidae poses fundamental questions regarding how and when Schistosoma acquired new snail hosts, including how switches to relatively distant hosts are accomplished and why some available planorbids were not colonized.

113 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How early phenotypic identification and recent confirmation through molecular studies on naturally occurring infections, combined with experimental manipulations, have revealed evidence of viable hybridization and introgressions within and between human and animal schistosome species is reviewed.
Abstract: Hybridization of parasites is an emerging public health concern in our changing world. Hybridization and introgression in parasites and pathogens can have major impacts on the host and the epidemiology and evolution of disease. Schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease of profound medical and veterinary importance across many parts of the world, with the greatest human burden within sub-Saharan Africa. Here we review how early phenotypic identification and recent confirmation through molecular studies on naturally occurring infections, combined with experimental manipulations, have revealed evidence of viable hybridization and introgressions within and between human and animal schistosome species. Environmental and anthropogenic changes in selective pressures following, for instance, new dam constructions, altered agricultural practices, together with mass drug administration programmes, may all be predicted to further impact the availability of suitable definitive and intermediate hosts for schistosomes. It is therefore imperative to understand the distribution and role of such novel zoonotic hybrid schistosomes on host range, drug efficacy, and hence ultimately transmission potential, if we are to achieve and maintain sustainable control.

112 citations


Cites background from "Schistosomiasis in cattle."

  • ...…estimated that, for instance, about 165 million cattle are infected with schistosomiasis worldwide, with chronic infections resulting in a range of pathologies depending on the infecting species, including haemorrhagic enteritis, anaemia, emaciation and death (De Bont and Vercruysse, 1997, 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study represents the first report about the binding of plasminogen to Schistosoma sp.

105 citations


Cites background from "Schistosomiasis in cattle."

  • ...In many tropical and subtropical countries, schistosomes are one of the major causes of disease in humans and domestic animals (De Bont and Vercruysse, 1998; Mahmoud, 2001)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Identifying the parasite proteins involved in host‐parasite interplay and at least 4 can counteract host defence mechanisms will provide a better understanding of how this parasite interacts with its host and new strategies for anti‐schistosome drug or vaccine design.
Abstract: Schistosoma bovis is a ruminant pathogen that is poorly known at a molecular level. With an aim of identifying the parasite proteins involved in host-parasite interplay, we studied two protein extracts that contain, respectively, the proteins excreted/secreted by the adult worm (ES) and the tegumental proteins exposed to the host (TG). The 2-DE, 2-D immunoblot and MS were employed to separate and identify the antigenic proteins and the most abundant non-antigenic proteins in each extract. There were some 400 and 600 spots detected in the ES and the TG extracts, respectively. Ninety-six spots were subjected to MS analysis and 64 of them were identified. Overall, we identified 18 S. bovis proteins located at the host-parasite interface, 16 of which have not been identified previously in this parasite, and one of which -lysozyme- has never been reported in a Schistosoma species. Of the proteins identified, at least 4 can counteract host defence mechanisms. The other proteins are also likely to play some role in the host-parasite relationships. Therefore, studies in grater depth on all these proteins will provide a better understanding of how this parasite interacts with its host and new strategies for anti-schistosome drug or vaccine design.

98 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The biology of bulinus snail control local snail faunas chemical and physical factors life cycles and populations regions, lakes and rivers - biography.
Abstract: The first half of this book is primarily a systematic survey of the snails, beginning with glossaries, keys for identification to genera and a checklist of species. This is followed by a synopsis of species, with brief notes on ecology, distribution and parasites. Relationships are then described between snails and schistosomes and with other paras

1,076 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Rudolf Gönnert1, Peter Dr Andrews1
TL;DR: Praziquantel is equally effective against both sexes of S. mansoni and less effective against unpaired and therefore juvenile female worms, but fully effective against single male worms.
Abstract: Praziquantel, (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexa-hydro-2H pyrazino[2,1a]isoquinolin-4-one, belongs to a new series of antischistosomal compounds. The results of a detailed study of the efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni in mice, Mastomys and Syrian hamsters are described. Praziquantel is effective after oral and all parenteral routes of administration tested. The amount of praziquantel required to achieve parasite reductions of at least 95% depends on the host species and on the routes and schedules of administration. Total doses range from 200–1,000 mg/kg in mice and from 100–500 mg/kg for Mastomys and hamsters. In all three species, splitting of the total dose into 3 or more fractional doses given within 1 day approximately doubles the efficacy over that achieved after a single oral administration of the same total dose. A single subcutaneous dose is only slightly more effective, whilst a single intramuscular injection in olive oil is about twice as effective as a single oral administration. Praziquantel is very effective against the invading stages and slightly less against schistosomules up to an age of 7 days. It is less effective against 2- to 4-week-old juveniles, but is effective again against 5-week-old and older schistosomes. Praziquantel is equally effective against both sexes of S. mansoni. It is less effective against unpaired and therefore juvenile female worms, but fully effective against single male worms. The efficacy of praziquantel on S. mansoni in mice is not influenced by the strain or the sex of the host, the worm burden or the age of the infection. Considering all data available, praziquantel promises to be a very potent antischistosomal drug.

394 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Mar 1987-Nature
TL;DR: The complementary DNA sequence encoding the Mr 28,000 antigen of Schistosoma mansoni has been isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli and Immunization of rats and hamsters with this protein leads to significant protection against a natural challenge infection with live cercariae.
Abstract: The complementary DNA sequence encoding the Mr 28,000 antigen of Schistosoma mansoni has been isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli. Experimental vaccination of rats, hamsters and monkeys with a recombinant fusion protein induces a strongly cytotoxic antibody response. Immunization of rats and hamsters with this protein leads to significant protection against a natural challenge infection with live cercariae.

247 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Die Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber.

244 citations

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