Book•
Science of Science and Reflexivity
01 Jan 2004-
TL;DR: Bourdieu's "Science of Science and Reflexivity" as mentioned in this paper argues that science is in danger of becoming a handmaiden to biotechnology, medicine, genetic engineering, and military research that it risks falling under the control of industrial corporations that seek to exploit it for monopolies and profit.
Abstract: Over the last four decades, the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu produced one of the most imaginative and subtle bodies of social theory of the postwar era. When he died in 2002, he was considered to be a thinker on a par with Foucault, Barthes, and Lacan a public intellectual as influential to his generation as Sartre was to his. "Science of Science and Reflexivity" will be welcomed as a companion volume to Bourdieu's now seminal "An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology." In this posthumous work, Bourdieu declares that science is in danger of becoming a handmaiden to biotechnology, medicine, genetic engineering, and military research that it risks falling under the control of industrial corporations that seek to exploit it for monopolies and profit. Science thus endangered can become detrimental to mankind. The line between pure and applied science, therefore, must be subjected to intense theoretical scrutiny. Bourdieu's goals in "Science of Science and Reflexivity" are to identify the social conditions in which science develops in order to reclaim its objectivity and to rescue it from relativism and the forces that might exploit it. In the grand tradition of scientific reflections on science, Bourdieu provides a sociological analysis of the discipline as something capable of producing transhistorical truths; he presents an incisive critique of the main currents in the study of science throughout the past half century; and he offers a spirited defense of science against encroaching political and economic forces. A masterful summation of the principles underlying Bourdieu's oeuvre and a memoir of his own scientific journey, "Science of Science and Reflexivity" is a capstone to one of the most important and prodigious careers in the field of sociology."
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a Governance-Konzept konkretisiert und gleichzeitig eine Perspektive angeboten, vermittelt zwischen einer System-and einer Handlungstheorie vermittel.
Abstract: Dieser Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, strategische Kommunikation als Handlungsressource von Organisationen zu betrachten, die in jeweils spezifischen medialisierten Governance-Konstellationen interagieren. Dazu wird zunachst die Governance-Perspektive als Theorieperspektive eingefuhrt. In Bezugnahme auf Schimanks Akteur-Struktur Ansatz wird das Governance-Konzept konkretisiert und gleichzeitig eine Perspektive angeboten, die zwischen einer System- und einer Handlungstheorie vermittelt. Von medialisierten Governance-Konstellationen auszugehen fuhrt dazu, dass auf Massenkommunikation gerichtete strategische Kommunikation in den Blick gerat: Die Institutionalisierung strategischer Kommunikation in Organisationen kann auf dieser Theoriegrundlage als strukturelle Anpassung an Anforderungen des journalistischen Systems und als Handlungsressource von (kollektiven) Akteuren in medialisierten Konstellationen betrachtet werden. Der Ansatz verbindet die gesellschaftliche Makroebene (Zusammenspiel unterschiedlicher Sozialsysteme), die Mesoebene (kollektive Akteure) und die Mikroebene (individuelle Akteure). Das Governance-Konzept betont das komplexe wechselseitige Zusammenspiel verschiedener Interessenvertreter und uberwindet damit eindimensionale Einflussmodelle. Governan ce mit Hilfe eines Akteur-Struktur Ansatzes zu beschreiben, vermittelt zudem zwischen systemtheoretischen und handlungstheoretischen Perspektiven. Nach einer Diskussion des theoretischen Hintergrundes verdeutlicht der Beitrag anhand der spezifischen Governance-Konstellation der deutschen Forschungspolitik, welche Konsequenzen ein solcher Ansatz fur die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung allgemein und die Forschung zu strategischer Kommunikation im Besonderen hat. Schlieslich werden relevante Forschungsbereiche und exemplarische Fragestellungen im Schnittfeld von Governance-Forschung und Forschung zu strategischer Kommunikation zusammengefasst und unter Bezugnahme auf Ergebnisse aus dem vom Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ge
1 citations
TL;DR: Bourdieu collected three essays first published in 1962, 1972 and 1989 on the enforced celibacy of the eldest sons in Bearn, his region of origin in southwest France as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Towards the end of his life, Pierre Bourdieu prepared two volumes that bring the instruments of scientific investigation to bear on an account of his personal and professional trajectory and the analysis of his social milieu of origin. The first presents Bourdieu's felt motivations for crucial professional choices and his perspective on the links between his social habitus and his scholarly style. In the second, Bourdieu collected three essays first published in 1962, 1972 and 1989 on the enforced celibacy of the eldest sons in Bearn, his region of origin in southwest France. Read together, these books show that Bourdieu's scientific work evolved in tandem with the development of his own scientific habitus, a process in which reflection on both familiar and strange social environments is carefully balanced. Self-analysis and socio-analysis are mutually enabling in his case. Observation of his significant emotional reactions directs his attention in particular ways and helps him to structure the Bearn stud...
1 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Sustainability is the slogan of the twenty-first century and is interpreted from a wide-ranging perspective to one more focused on environmental challenges as mentioned in this paper, and the call for sustainability springs from the need for institutions to deliver on their strategy and survive, given market demands, economic growth as well as broader environmental challenges.
Abstract: Sustainability is the slogan of the twenty-first century and is interpreted from a wide-ranging perspective to one more focused on environmental challenges. The call for sustainability springs from the need for institutions to deliver on their strategy and survive, given market demands, economic growth as well as broader environmental challenges. Ambiguity exists in interpreting what sustainability signifies for strategy, that is, what are its aims and for action that is, how will it be implemented. Part of the response to sustainability is also about how a leader initiates and responds sufficiently and ethically to satisfy all stakeholders’ demands.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of engineering disciplines of Iranian state universities of technology is studied with survey method, based on the analysis of the study, the effectiveness and efficiency of the engineering disciplines is not balanced.
Abstract: Scientific Knowledge is the engine to growth and development, and is also the major solution to the socio-economic issues and problems. Based on the development history, great revolutions were closely linked with transformative breakthroughs in knowledge, which had a far-reaching impact on the rise and fall of a nation and the destiny of a country as well. The countries and nations that were able to seize the opportunity and achieve the socio-economic take-off had taken the lead in fulfilling progress and development. Academic disciplines, especially engineering disciplines, have key role in science and technology and knowledge creation. In this study, the status of engineering disciplines of Iranian state universities of technology is studied with survey method. Based on the analysis of the study, the effectiveness and efficiency of engineering disciplines is not balanced. The efficiency of engineering disciplines of Iranian universities is more than their effectiveness. Thus, the productivity of Iranian of scientific system is low. The entrepreneurship of academic institutes and engineering disciplines is not in suitable level. In Iran, promotion of the academic innovation and entrepreneurship is a key necessity. It is recommended that the effectiveness and efficiency of engineering disciplines are considered more than ever. It must be planned in a systematic approach by utilization of effective actions and initiatives to develop the efficiency and effectiveness of engineering disciplines concurrently. Also, It seems there aren’t operational road map and especial and effective program to execute, promote and monitoring the national science and technology policies.
1 citations
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: A survey of the arguments of the debate on scientific communities can be found in this article, where the focus is laid particularly on the close nexus between concepts of scientific communities and normative claims to epistemic authority.
Abstract: This article reevaluates the debate on “scientific communities”, using the phrase as placeholder for any scientific collective, which are today often discussed also under different names. The focus is laid particularly on the close nexus between concepts of scientific communities and normative claims to epistemic authority. The article provides, therefore, a historical survey of the arguments of the debate so far: beginning with the then influential Mertonian concept of scientific communities (Merton, Hagstrom), it evaluates the criticism of theories, which have to a large degree replaced it (Collins, Latour, Woolgar, Knorr-Cetina). It then considers how concepts of scientific communities were developed by explicitly non-Mertonian scholars (Fleck, Kuhn, Polanyi, et al.) and examines two influential theoretical alternatives to the concept of scientific communities (Foucault, Bourdieu). Three key issues are analyzed: (1) the different types of integrating mechanisms, responsible for creating scientific associations, proposed in this debate; (2) if scientific communities are founded exclusively on the collaboration of scientists or if the important role of certain groups of non-scientists should also be reconsidered; and, finally, (3) if these concepts of social associations are able to support or to undermine scientific claims to epistemic authority.
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