Scientific Importance of Water‐Processable PEDOT–PSS and Preparation, Challenge and New Application in Sensors of Its Film Electrode: A Review
01 Apr 2017-Journal of Polymer Science Part A (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 55, Iss: 7, pp 1121-1150
TL;DR: A review of PEDOT-PSS is presented in this article, where the authors discuss the scientific importance and broad multidisciplinary applications in organic/polymeric electronics and optoelectronics from the viewpoint of the historical development and promising application of representative ECPs.
Abstract: In this review, PEDOT–PSS is mainly a commercially available PEDOT–PSS, which is a water-dispersible form of the intrinsically conducting PEDOT doped with the water-soluble PSS, including its derivatives, copolymers, analogs (PEDOT:PSSs), even their composites via the chemical or physical modification toward the structure of PEDOT and/or PSS. First, we will focus on discussing the scientific importance of PEDOT–PSS in conjunction with its extraordinary properties and broad multidisciplinary applications in organic/polymeric electronics and optoelectronics from the viewpoint of the historical development and the promising application of representative ECPs. Subsequently, versatile film-forming techniques for the preparation of PEDOT–PSS film electrode were described in details, including common coating approaches and printing techniques, and many emerging preparative methods were mentioned. Then challenges (e.g., conductivity, stability in Water, adhesion to substrate electrode) of PEDOT–PSS film electrode for devices under the high humidity/watery circumstances, especially electrochemical devices are discussed. Fourth, we take PEDOT–PSS film electrode for a relatively new application in sensors as an example, mainly summarized advances in the development of various sensors based on PEDOT–PSSs and their composites in combination with its preparative methods and extraordinary properties. Finally, we give the outlook of PEDOT–PSS for possible applications with the emphasis on PEDOT–PSS film electrode for electrochemical devices, including sensors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 55, 1121–1150
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TL;DR: These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.
Abstract: The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well-known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility-a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin-toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular- or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large-area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution-processable printing techniques (e.g., roll-to-roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.
546 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) is presented.
Abstract: Flexible electronics, as an emerging and exciting research field, have brought great interest to the issue of how to make flexible electronic materials that offer both durability and high performance at strained states. With the advent of on-body wearable and implantable electronics, as well as increasing demands for human-friendly intelligent soft robots, enormous effort is being expended on highly flexible functional materials, especially stretchable electrodes, by both the academic and industrial communities. Among different deformation modes, stretchability is the most demanding and challenging. This review focuses on the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) and investigates the recent progress on novel applications, including skin-like electronics, implantable biodegradable devices, and bioinspired soft robotics. By comparing the optoelectrical and mechanical properties of different electrode materials, some of the most important outcomes with comments on their merits and demerits are raised. Key design considerations in terms of geometries, substrates, and adhesion are also discussed, offering insights into the universal strategies for engineering stretchable electrodes regardless of the material. It is suggested that highly stretchable and biocompatible electrodes will greatly boost the development of next-generation intelligent life-like electronics.
472 citations
TL;DR: This review answers many questions around the nanomaterials used, their inherent properties and the chemistries they offer that are of interest to the analytical systems, and their roles in analytical applications in the past 5 years (2013-2018), and it gives a quantitative assessment of their positive effects on the analyses.
Abstract: Electrochemical biosensors and associated lab-on-a-chip devices are the analytical system of choice when rapid and on-site results are needed in medical diagnostics and food safety, for environmental protection, process control, wastewater treatment, and life sciences discovery research among many others. A premier example is the glucose sensor used by diabetic patients. Current research focuses on developing sensors for specific analytes in these application fields and addresses challenges that need to be solved before viable commercial products can be designed. These challenges typically include the lowering of the limit of detection, the integration of sample preparation into the device and hence analysis directly within a sample matrix, finding strategies for long-term in vivo use, etc. Today, functional nanomaterials are synthesized, investigated, and applied in electrochemical biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices to assist in this endeavor. This review answers many questions around the nanomaterials...
375 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and discussed recent progresses dealing with the electrical conductivity and transport properties in poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), with special attention on morphological and structural features.
292 citations
TL;DR: This review provides an insight into the synthesis and applications of innovative poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-type materials for bioelectronics such as biocompatible conducting polymer layers, conducting hydrogels, biosensors, selective detachment of cells, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electrodes for electrophysiology, implantable electrodes, stimulation of neuronal cells or pan-bio electronics.
Abstract: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s are the conducting polymers (CP) with the biggest prospects in the field of bioelectronics due to their combination of characteristics (conductivity, stability, transparency and biocompatibility). The gold standard material is the commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). However, in order to well connect the two fields of biology and electronics, PEDOT:PSS presents some limitations associated with its low (bio)functionality. In this review, we provide an insight into the synthesis and applications of innovative poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-type materials for bioelectronics. First, we present a detailed analysis of the different synthetic routes to (bio)functional dioxythiophene monomer/polymer derivatives. Second, we focus on the preparation of PEDOT dispersions using different biopolymers and biomolecules as dopants and stabilizers. To finish, we review the applications of innovative PEDOT-type materials such as biocompatible conducting polymer layers, conducting hydrogels, biosensors, selective detachment of cells, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electrodes for electrophysiology, implantable electrodes, stimulation of neuronal cells or pan-bio electronics.
173 citations
Cites background from "Scientific Importance of Water‐Proc..."
...Among different conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the most promising due to its high conductivity, easy processing and commercial availability [1,2]....
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