scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Scrophularia lucida L. as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications: In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory properties, in silico studies, and HPLC profiles.

TL;DR: Investigation into the biological properties of various solvent extracts of the roots and aerial parts of Scrophularia lucida based on its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activities revealed that the solvent extracts differed in their biological effectiveness.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.The article was published on 2019-01-05. It has received 55 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ethyl acetate & Rosmarinic acid.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review pays particular attention to studies which successfully determined the sequences of antioxidant peptides under investigation, particularly their biological effects, mechanisms, and structure-activity relationship.
Abstract: Background The potential applications of food-derived antioxidant peptides as additives, nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents have fueled current interests to discover them from diverse plant sources. A growing number of antioxidant peptides have been identified from edible plant sources, as well as plant-based agricultural and food-processing by-products. Scope and approach We summarized recent progress in the research of plant-derived antioxidant peptides, particularly their biological effects, mechanisms, and structure-activity relationship. Many studies assessed the potency of antioxidant peptides by using chemical assays. However, the outcome of chemical methods may not reflect the biological significance. Thus, this review focusses on antioxidant peptides whose effectiveness was demonstrated by using cellular and/or animal models. This review pays particular attention to studies which successfully determined the sequences of antioxidant peptides under investigation. Due to the scarcity of the assessment of pure antioxidant peptides in animal models, in vivo evidence from well-characterized peptide fractions or hydrolysates will also be discussed. Key findings and conclusions Plant-derived antioxidant peptides diminished reactive oxygen species production, besides activating endogenous antioxidant defenses in cellular models. Some such peptides exerted protection by modulating pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as well as gene and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes. By using cellular models, the intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides were elucidated. Plant protein hydrolysates enhanced antioxidant protection in animal models, often by upregulating antioxidant enzyme activities in various body tissues. The structure-activity relationship of plant-derived antioxidant peptides is not well-understood. Nevertheless, information connecting peptide secondary structure to cellular antioxidant effects has emerged.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical and biological effects of different extracts of different Caragana ambigua stocks (Fabaceae) were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods, whereas, the secondary metabolites composition was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis.

63 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recently, supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising and pervasive technology over conventional extraction techniques for various applications, especially for bioactive compounds extraction and environmental pollutants removal.

63 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Extracts of S. salsuginea are a potential source of functional food ingredients but need further analytical experiments to explore its complexity of chemical compounds and pharmacological properties as well as using in vivo toxicity models to establish its maximum tolerated dose.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of previously identified bioactive peptides in Spanish dry-cured ham such as AEEEYPDL and LGVGG was established, confirming their multifunctionality.

41 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation and is used to measure proliferative lymphokines, mitogen stimulations and complement-mediated lysis.

50,114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The goals of the PDB are described, the systems in place for data deposition and access, how to obtain further information and plans for the future development of the resource are described.
Abstract: The Protein Data Bank (PDB; http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ ) is the single worldwide archive of structural data of biological macromolecules. This paper describes the goals of the PDB, the systems in place for data deposition and access, how to obtain further information, and near-term plans for the future development of the resource.

34,239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Enrichment results demonstrate the importance of the novel XP molecular recognition and water scoring in separating active and inactive ligands and avoiding false positives.
Abstract: A novel scoring function to estimate protein-ligand binding affinities has been developed and implemented as the Glide 4.0 XP scoring function and docking protocol. In addition to unique water desolvation energy terms, protein-ligand structural motifs leading to enhanced binding affinity are included: (1) hydrophobic enclosure where groups of lipophilic ligand atoms are enclosed on opposite faces by lipophilic protein atoms, (2) neutral-neutral single or correlated hydrogen bonds in a hydrophobically enclosed environment, and (3) five categories of charged-charged hydrogen bonds. The XP scoring function and docking protocol have been developed to reproduce experimental binding affinities for a set of 198 complexes (RMSDs of 2.26 and 1.73 kcal/mol over all and well-docked ligands, respectively) and to yield quality enrichments for a set of fifteen screens of pharmaceutical importance. Enrichment results demonstrate the importance of the novel XP molecular recognition and water scoring in separating active and inactive ligands and avoiding false positives.

4,666 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modularly invariant equations of motion are derived that generate the isothermal-isobaric ensemble as their phase space averages, and the resulting methods are tested on two problems, a particle in a one-dimensional periodic potential and a spherical model of C60 in the solid/fluid phase.
Abstract: Modularly invariant equations of motion are derived that generate the isothermal–isobaric ensemble as their phase space averages. Isotropic volume fluctuations and fully flexible simulation cells as well as a hybrid scheme that naturally combines the two motions are considered. The resulting methods are tested on two problems, a particle in a one‐dimensional periodic potential and a spherical model of C60 in the solid/fluid phase.

4,282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent findings in the metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in the carcinogenicity and toxicity of metals.
Abstract: Metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, with an emphasis on the generation and role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is reviewed. Metal-mediated formation of free radicals causes various modifications to DNA bases, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and altered calcium and sulfhydryl homeostasis. Lipid peroxides, formed by the attack of radicals on polyunsaturated fatty acid residues of phospholipids, can further react with redox metals finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and other exocyclic DNA adducts (etheno and/or propano adducts). Whilst iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V) and cobalt (Co) undergo redox-cycling reactions, for a second group of metals, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), the primary route for their toxicity is depletion of glutathione and bonding to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Arsenic (As) is thought to bind directly to critical thiols, however, other mechanisms, involving formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions, have been proposed. The unifying factor in determining toxicity and carcinogenicity for all these metals is the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Common mechanisms involving the Fenton reaction, generation of the superoxide radical and the hydroxyl radical appear to be involved for iron, copper, chromium, vanadium and cobalt primarily associated with mitochondria, microsomes and peroxisomes. However, a recent discovery that the upper limit of "free pools" of copper is far less than a single atom per cell casts serious doubt on the in vivo role of copper in Fenton-like generation of free radicals. Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be involved in arsenite-induced DNA damage and pyrimidine excision inhibition. Various studies have confirmed that metals activate signalling pathways and the carcinogenic effect of metals has been related to activation of mainly redox-sensitive transcription factors, involving NF-kappaB, AP-1 and p53. Antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) provide protection against deleterious metal-mediated free radical attacks. Vitamin E and melatonin can prevent the majority of metal-mediated (iron, copper, cadmium) damage both in vitro systems and in metal-loaded animals. Toxicity studies involving chromium have shown that the protective effect of vitamin E against lipid peroxidation may be associated rather with the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants than the activity of enzymatic antioxidants. However, a very recent epidemiological study has shown that a daily intake of vitamin E of more than 400 IU increases the risk of death and should be avoided. While previous studies have proposed a deleterious pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C (ascorbate) in the presence of iron (or copper), recent results have shown that even in the presence of redox-active iron (or copper) and hydrogen peroxide, ascorbate acts as an antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation and does not promote protein oxidation in humans in vitro. Experimental results have also shown a link between vanadium and oxidative stress in the etiology of diabetes. The impact of zinc (Zn) on the immune system, the ability of zinc to act as an antioxidant in order to reduce oxidative stress and the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative role of zinc (and copper) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is also discussed. This review summarizes recent findings in the metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in the carcinogenicity and toxicity of metals.

4,272 citations

Related Papers (5)