Open AccessJournal Article
Seasonal evolution of the albedo of multiyear Arctic sea ice : The surface heat budget of arctic ocen (SHEBA)
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this paper, the authors measured spectral and wavelength-integrated albedo on multi-year sea ice from a 200m survey line from April through October and observed changes in the evolution of albedos.Abstract:
[1] As part of ice albedo feedback studies during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment, we measured spectral and wavelength-integrated albedo on multiyear sea ice. Measurements were made every 2.5 m along a 200-m survey line from April through October. Initially, this line was completely snow covered, but as the melt season progressed, it became a mixture of bare ice and melt ponds. Observed changes in albedo were a combination of a gradual evolution due to seasonal transitions and abrupt shifts resulting from synoptic weather events. There were five distinct phases in the evolution of albedo: dry snow, melting snow, pond formation, pond evolution, and fall freeze-up. In April the surface albedo was high (0.8-0.9) and spatially uniform. By the end of July the average albedo along the line was 0.4, and there was significant spatial variability, with values ranging from 0.1 for deep, dark ponds to 0.65 for bare, white ice. There was good agreement between surface-based albedos and measurements made from the University of Washington's Convair-580 research aircraft. A comparison between net solar irradiance computed using observed albedos and a simplified model of seasonal evolution shows good agreement as long as the timing of the transitions is accurately determined.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
William D. Collins,Cecilia M. Bitz,Maurice L. Blackmon,Gordon B. Bonan,Christopher S. Bretherton,James A. Carton,Ping Chang,Scott C. Doney,James J. Hack,Tom Henderson,Jeffrey T. Kiehl,William G. Large,Daniel S. McKenna,Benjamin D. Santer,Richard D. Smith +14 more
TL;DR: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) as discussed by the authors is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler.
Journal ArticleDOI
GFDL’s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate–Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics
John P. Dunne,Jasmin John,Alistair Adcroft,Stephen M. Griffies,Robert Hallberg,Elena Shevliakova,Ronald J. Stouffer,William Cooke,Krista A. Dunne,Matthew Harrison,John P. Krasting,Sergey Malyshev,Paul C.D. Milly,Peter J. Phillipps,Lori T. Sentman,Bonita L. Samuels,Michael J. Spelman,Michael Winton,Andrew T. Wittenberg,Niki Zadeh +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM 2G).
Journal ArticleDOI
How Well Do We Understand and Evaluate Climate Change Feedback Processes
Sandrine Bony,Robert Colman,Vladimir M. Kattsov,Richard P. Allan,Christopher S. Bretherton,Jean-Louis Dufresne,Alex Hall,Stephane Hallegatte,Marika M. Holland,William Ingram,David A. Randall,Brian J. Soden,George Tselioudis,Mark J. Webb +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent observational, numerical, and theoretical studies of climate feedbacks is presented, showing that there has been progress since the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in (i) the understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in these feedbacks, (ii) the interpretation of intermodel differences in global estimates of the feedbacks associated with water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, snow, and sea ice, and (iii) the development of methodologies of evaluation of these inputs using observations.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
William D. Collins,Cecilia M. Bitz,Maurice L. Blackmon,Gordon B. Bonan,Christopher S. Bretherton,James A. Carton,Ping Chang,Scott C. Doney,James J. Hack,Tom Henderson,Jeffrey T. Kiehl,William G. Large,Daniel S. McKenna,Benjamin D. Santer,Richard D. Smith +14 more
TL;DR: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) as discussed by the authors is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler.
Journal ArticleDOI
GFDL’s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate–Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics
John P. Dunne,Jasmin John,Alistair Adcroft,Stephen M. Griffies,Robert Hallberg,Elena Shevliakova,Ronald J. Stouffer,William Cooke,Krista A. Dunne,Matthew Harrison,John P. Krasting,Sergey Malyshev,Paul C.D. Milly,Peter J. Phillipps,Lori T. Sentman,Bonita L. Samuels,Michael J. Spelman,Michael Winton,Andrew T. Wittenberg,Niki Zadeh +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM 2G).
Journal ArticleDOI
Some results from a time‐dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-dimensional thermodynamic model of sea ice is presented that includes the effects of snow cover, ice salinity, and internal heating due to penetration of solar radiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow
TL;DR: In this article, a set of 23 observations from various locations, spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude, was used to demonstrate that snow darkening is an important component of carbon aerosol climate forcing.