Journal Article•
Secret of Gujarat's Agrarian Miracle after 2000
TL;DR: Gujarat has achieved high and steady growth at 9.6% per year in agricultural state domestic product (SDP) since 1999-2000 by liberalising markets, inviting private capital, reinventing agricultural extension, improving roads and other infrastructure as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Semi-arid Gujarat has clocked high and steady growth at 9.6% per year in agricultural state domestic product since 1999-2000. What has driven this growth? The Gujarat government has aggressively pursued an innovative agriculture development programme by liberalising markets, inviting private capital, reinventing agricultural extension, improving roads and other infrastructure. Canal-irrigated South and Central Gujarat should have led Gujarat’s agricultural rally. Instead it is dry Saurashtra and Kachchh, and North Gujarat that have been at the forefront. These could not have performed so well but for the improved availability of groundwater for irrigation. Arguably, mass-based water harvesting and farm power reforms have helped energise Gujarat’s agriculture.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the linkages between the water, energy, and food nexus perspective and adaptation to climate change, using the Hindu Kush Himalayan region as an example.
393 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the roles and challenges of small holding agriculture in India and provide lessons from the experience of India on small-holding agriculture for other countries, including information needs.
Abstract: This paper examines the roles and challenges of small holding agriculture in India. It covers trends in agricultural growth, cultivation patterns, participation of small holding agriculture, productivity performance of small holders, linking small holders with markets including value chains, role of small holders in enhancing food security and employment generation, differential policies and institutional support for small holders and, challenges and future options for small holding agriculture including information needs. It also provides lessons from the experience of India on small holding agriculture for other countries. [WP-2012-014]. URL:[http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2012-014.pdf].
141 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the hydrological impacts of RWH for recharge at the local (individual structure) and watershed scale in rural areas, and propose some evaluation criteria to assess the local and watershed-scale impacts of watershed development.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that given the unique regional and sector challenges of food, water and energy security, their nexus must be deconstructed to find effective, contextualized solutions.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the nature and scale of the distortions it has created, and alternative approaches which Indian policy makers can use to limit, if not eliminate, the damaging impacts of the distortion.
Abstract: Indian agriculture is trapped in a complex nexus of groundwater depletion and energy subsidies. This nexus is the product of past public policy choices that initially offered opportunities to India’s small-holder-based irrigation economy but has now generated in its wake myriad economic, social, and environmental distortions. Conventional ‘getting-the-price-right’ solutions to reduce these distortions have consistently been undermined by the invidious political economy that the nexus has created. The historical evolution of the nexus is outlined, the nature and scale of the distortions it has created are explored, and alternative approaches which Indian policy makers can use to limit, if not eliminate, the damaging impacts of the distortions, are analysed.
83 citations
Cites background from "Secret of Gujarat's Agrarian Miracl..."
...Each Hydrogeology Journal (2012) 20: 995–1006 DOI 10.1007/s10040-011-0816-0 of the figures shows the downward sloping demand curve for farm power—the derived demand for irrigation water (Shah et al. 2009a)....
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...Shah et al. (2009a) show that rising pumping costs encouraged some farmers to shift to high value crops but many more to give up irrigated agriculture—all together....
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...While the power utility has cut its losses, Gujarat’s agriculture has flourished during this period like never before (Shah et al. 2009b)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the trends in government subsidies and investments in and for Indian agriculture and developed a conceptual framework and a model to assess the impact of various subsidies on agricultural growth and poverty reduction; and presented reform options with regard to reprioritizing government spending.
337 citations
"Secret of Gujarat's Agrarian Miracl..." refers background in this paper
...And as International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) studies have shown, good roads are the best building blocks for a rapidly growing agriculture (Fan et al 2008; ADB 2005)....
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Book•
15 Dec 2008
TL;DR: Taming the Anarchy as discussed by the authors investigates the forces behind the transformation of South Asian irrigation and considers its social, economic, and ecological impacts, and argues that without effective governance, the resulting groundwater stress threatens the sustenance of the agrarian system and therefore the well being of the nearly one and a half billion people who live in South Asia.
Abstract: In 1947, British India-the part of South Asia that is today's India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh-emerged from the colonial era with the world's largest centrally managed canal irrigation infrastructure. However, as vividly illustrated by Tushaar Shah, the orderly irrigation economy that saved millions of rural poor from droughts and famines is now a vast atomistic system of widely dispersed tube-wells that are drawing groundwater without permits or hindrances. Taming the Anarchy is about the development of this chaos and the prospects to bring it under control. It is about both the massive benefit that the irrigation economy has created and the ill-fare it threatens through depleted aquifers and pollution. Tushaar Shah brings exceptional insight into a socio-ecological phenomenon that has befuddled scientists and policymakers alike. In systematic fashion, he investigates the forces behind the transformation of South Asian irrigation and considers its social, economic, and ecological impacts. He considers what is unique to South Asia and what is in common with other developing regions. He argues that, without effective governance, the resulting groundwater stress threatens the sustenance of the agrarian system and therefore the well being of the nearly one and a half billion people who live in South Asia. Yet, finding solutions is a formidable challenge. The way forward in the short run, Shah suggests, lies in indirect, adaptive strategies that change the conduct of water users. From antiquity until the 1960‘s, agricultural water management in South Asia was predominantly the affair of village communities and/or the state. Today, the region depends on irrigation from some 25 million individually owned groundwater wells. Tushaar Shah provides a fascinating economic, political, and cultural history of the development and use of technology that is also a history of a society in transition. His book provides powerful ideas and lessons for researchers, historians, and policy
307 citations
TL;DR: Tushar Shah et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a water governance model for south asia based on anarchy and water land and ecosystems, and proposed an anarchy groundwater governance model in south-east Asia.
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114 citations
Book•
30 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this report, " $ " refers to US dollars as discussed by the authors, and " ¥" refers to Japanese yen, where ¥ is the currency of Japan's currency, and ¥ is used in this report.
Abstract: ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DFID – Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DMC – developing member country JBIC – Japan Bank for International Cooperation TA – technical assistance NOTE In this report, " $ " refers to US dollars.
79 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The impact of Jyotirgram Yojana on rural power supply has been assessed in this paper, and the authors argue that with some refinements it presents a model that other states can follow with profit.
Abstract: In September 2003, the government of Gujarat introduced the Jyotirgram Yojana to improve rural power supply. Two major changes have since taken place: (a) villages get 24 hour three-phase power supply for domestic use, in schools, hospitals, village industries, all subject to metered tariff; and (b) tubewell owners get eight hours/day of power but of full voltage and on a pre-announced schedule. It has, however, offered a mixed bag to medium and large farmers and hit marginal farmers and the landless. This article offers an assessment of the impact of Jyotirgram, and argues that with some refinements it presents a model that other states can follow with profit.
75 citations