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Journal ArticleDOI

Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Trait Performance under Flooding and Non-flooding Conditions in Rice with QTL SUB1

01 Dec 2012-Rice Science (Elsevier)-Vol. 19, Iss: 4, pp 286-294
TL;DR: Seed priming had positive effects on yield and yield attributing parameters both under non-flooding and early flooding conditions and outperformed Swarna-Sub1 when the plants were cultivated under flooding.
About: This article is published in Rice Science.The article was published on 2012-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Seedling.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some of the challenges to the broad commercial adaption of seed priming include longevity of seeds after conventional types of priming under ambient storage conditions and a lack of studies on hermetic packaging materials for extended storage.
Abstract: Seed priming is a presowing technique in which seeds are moderately hydrated to the point where pregermination metabolic processes begin without actual germination. Seeds are then redried to near their actual weight for normal handling. Seeds can be soaked in tap water (hydropriming), aerated low-water potential solutions of polyethylene glycol or salt solutions (KNO3, KH2PO4, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 or MgSO4; osmopriming), plant growth regulators, polyamines (hormonal priming), plant growth-promoting bacteria (biopriming), macro or micronutrients (nutripriming) or some plant-based natural extracts. Here, we review: (1) seed priming as a simple and effective approach for improving stand establishment, economic yields and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in various crops by inducing a series of biochemical, physiological, molecular and subcellular changes in plants; (2) the tendency for seed priming to reduce the longevity of high-vigour seeds and improve the longevity of low-vigour seeds; (3) the advantages of physical methods of seed priming to enhance plant production over conventional methods based on the application of different chemical substances; (4) the various physical methods (e.g. magneto-priming and ionising radiation, including gamma rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, UVC) and X-rays) available that are the most promising presowing seed treatments to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions; and (5) effective seed priming techniques for micronutrient delivery at planting in field crops. Seed priming as a cost-effective approach is being used for different crops and in different countries to improve yield, as a complementary strategy to grain biofortification and in genetically improved crop varieties to enhance their performance under stress conditions, including submergence and low phosphorus. Some of the challenges to the broad commercial adaption of seed priming include longevity of seeds after conventional types of priming under ambient storage conditions and a lack of studies on hermetic packaging materials for extended storage.

120 citations


Cites background from "Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Tra..."

  • ...Introgression of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Sub1 had no effect on seedling establishment percentage under flooding conditions, but increased it with seed priming (Sarkar 2012)....

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  • ...As a complementary approach, seed priming can be integratedwith genetics, as evidencedby enhanced submergence and low P tolerance in varieties containing QTL of Sub1 such as Swarna and Pup1 in IR74 (Ella et al. 2011; Sarkar 2012; Pame et al. 2015)....

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  • ...Priming induced stress tolerance and improved performance in varieties containing QTL for stress tolerance, such as Swarna (containing Sub1 for submergence tolerance) and IR74 (containing Pup1 for high P uptake; Sarkar 2012)....

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  • ...…leaf area and more panicles per unit area in direct-seeded rice under aerobic and submerged conditions (Mahajan et al. 2011; Anwar et al. 2012; Sarkar 2012), improved nutritional status in maize plants under chilling stress (Imran et al. 2013), increased drymatter and tissue Zn concentrations…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of these studies indicate well the importance of priming to get a good crop stand in many crops of tropical region such as rice, maize, sorghum and pigeon pea.
Abstract: Germination and seedling emergence are the critical stages in the plant life cycle. Insufficient seedling emergence and inappropriate stand establishment are the main constraints in the production of crops which receiving less rainfall. Farmers do not have sufficient resources to meet the requirement of seedbed preparation for sowing and they are at more risk as compared to progressive farmers. On the other hand good establishment increases competitiveness against weeds, increases tolerance to drought period, increase yield and avoids the time consuming need for re-sowing that is costly too. It is well accepted fact that priming improves germination, reduces seedling emergence time and improves stand establishment. A method to improve the rate and uniformity of germination is the priming or physiological advancement of the seed lot. The general purpose of seed priming is to partially hydrate the seed to a point where germination processes are begun, but they would exhibit rapid germination when re-imbibed under normal or stress conditions. A lot of work has been done on seed priming and results of these studies indicate well the importance of priming to get a good crop stand in many crops of tropical region such as rice, maize, sorghum and pigeon pea.

60 citations


Cites methods from "Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Tra..."

  • ...An experiment was conducted by Sarkar (2012) to study the effect of seed priming under Flooded and Nonflooded Conditions in Rice....

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Book ChapterDOI
12 Oct 2016
TL;DR: There is need to minimize the factors associated with reduced vigour during seed production, improve seed storage and handling, develop high-tech seeds by seed industry at appropriate rates and integrate agronomic, physiological and molecular seed research for the effective regulation of high-quality seed delivery over next generations.
Abstract: Seed quality is vital to sustainable crop production and food security. Seed enhance‐ ments include physical, physiological and biological treatments to overcome germina‐ tion constraints by uniform stands, earlier crop development and better yields. Improved germination rates and seedling vigour are due to reduced emergence time by earlier start of metabolic activities of hydrolytic enzymes and resource mobiliza‐ tion. Nutrient homeostasis, ion uptake, hormonal regulation, activation of antioxidant defence system, reduced lipid peroxidation and accumulation of compatible solutes are some mechanisms conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Several transcription factors for aquaporins, imbibitions, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defence and phenylpropanoid pathway have been identified. However, the knowledge of molecu‐ lar pathways elucidating mode of action of these effects, reduced longevity of primed or other physical and biological agents for seed treatments and market availability of high-quality seeds are some of the challenges for scientists and seed industry. In this scenario, there is need to minimize the factors associated with reduced vigour during seed production, improve seed storage and handling, develop high-tech seeds by seed industry at appropriate rates and integrate agronomic, physiological and molecular seed research for the effective regulation of high-quality seed delivery over next generations.

30 citations


Cites background from "Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Tra..."

  • ...Seed priming improved yield is due to reduced weed biomass, higher leaf area index and panicles/m2 in aerobic and submerged rice, respectively [132, 138, 139], improved crop nutritional status of nutrients primed in maize under low temperature stress [127], compara‐ tively better dry matter production with higher tissue Zn concentration with Zn seed priming in rice [140], reduced spikelet sterility in direct seeded rice irrigated with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) [131] and under system of rice intensification (SRI) condition with improved crop growth and higher tillering emergence [141]....

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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have highlighted issues of direct seeding of rice and have proposed strategies to uplift uptake of direct-seeded rice, which is a source of methane emission.
Abstract: Rice is grown all over the world and it fulfills the dietary needs of large population across the globe. However, conventional rice production system, which involves raising of nursery seedlings followed by transplanting of those seedlings in puddled flooded soil, requires a lot of water, energy, and labor resources. Flooded rice fields are also a source of methane emission—a potent greenhouse gas. In this scenario, farmers around the world have been shifted toward water- and labor-saving direct seeding of rice. Direct seeding also reduces methane emission. In this chapter, we have highlighted issues of direct seeding of rice and have proposed strategies to uplift uptake of direct-seeded rice.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying (DSR-AWD) was evaluated.

27 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: A rapid and accurate method for the estimation of protein concentration is essential in many fields of protein study, but is susceptible to interference from a wide range of compounds commonly present in biological extracts.
Abstract: A rapid and accurate method for the estimation of protein concentration is essential in many fields of protein study. The Lowry method ( Chapter 1 in vol. 1 of this series) has been widely used, but is susceptible to interference from a wide range of compounds commonly present in biological extracts. Although interference can be avoided by trichloracetic acid precipitation of the protein prior to assay, this lengthens the procedure.

1,573 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 2006-Nature
TL;DR: The identification of a cluster of three genes at the Sub1 locus, encoding putative ethylene response factors, indicates that Sub1A-1 is a primary determinant of submergence tolerance in O. sativa ssp.
Abstract: Most Oryza sativa cultivars die within a week of complete submergence--a major constraint to rice production in south and southeast Asia that causes annual losses of over US 1 billion dollars and affects disproportionately the poorest farmers in the world. A few cultivars, such as the O. sativa ssp. indica cultivar FR13A, are highly tolerant and survive up to two weeks of complete submergence owing to a major quantitative trait locus designated Submergence 1 (Sub1) near the centromere of chromosome 9 (refs 3, 4, 5-6). Here we describe the identification of a cluster of three genes at the Sub1 locus, encoding putative ethylene response factors. Two of these genes, Sub1B and Sub1C, are invariably present in the Sub1 region of all rice accessions analysed. In contrast, the presence of Sub1A is variable. A survey identified two alleles within those indica varieties that possess this gene: a tolerance-specific allele named Sub1A-1 and an intolerance-specific allele named Sub1A-2. Overexpression of Sub1A-1 in a submergence-intolerant O. sativa ssp. japonica conferred enhanced tolerance to the plants, downregulation of Sub1C and upregulation of Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1), indicating that Sub1A-1 is a primary determinant of submergence tolerance. The FR13A Sub1 locus was introgressed into a widely grown Asian rice cultivar using marker-assisted selection. The new variety maintains the high yield and other agronomic properties of the recurrent parent and is tolerant to submergence. Cultivation of this variety is expected to provide protection against damaging floods and increase crop security for farmers.

1,371 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Sectional Contents Only: Quantitation of Proteins and Peptides and Detection in Gels.
Abstract: Sectional Contents Only: Quantitation of Proteins. Electrophoresis of Proteins and Peptides and Detection in Gels. Blotting And Detection Methods. Chemical Modification of Proteins and Peptide Production and Purification. Protein/Peptide Characterisation. Glycoproteins. Immunochemical Techniques. Monoclonal Antibodies.

889 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The relatively rapid emergence of “weedy” rice, rice phenotypically similar to cultivars but exhibiting undesirable agronomic traits, has been observed in several Asian countries practicing DSR, and this poses a severe threat to the sustainability of the production system.
Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a principal source of food for more than half of the world population, especially in South and Southeast Asia and Latin America. Elsewhere, it represents a high‐value commodity crop. Change in the method of crop establishment from traditional manual transplanting of seedlings to direct‐seeding has occurred in many Asian countries in the last two decades in response to rising production costs, especially for labor and water. Direct‐seeding of rice (DSR) may involve sowing pregerminated seed onto a puddled soil surface (wet‐seeding) or into shallow standing water (water‐seeding), or dry seed into a prepared seedbed (dry‐seeding). In Europe, Australia, and the United States, direct‐seeding is highly mechanized. The risk of crop yield loss due to competition from weeds by all seeding methods is higher than for transplanted rice because of the absence of the size differential between the crop and weeds and the suppressive effect of standing water on weed growth at crop establishment. Of 1800 species reported as weeds of rice, those of the Cyperaceae and Poaceae are predominant. The adoption of direct‐seeding has resulted in a change in the relative abundance of weed species in rice crops. In particular, Echinochloa spp., Ischaemum rugosum, Cyperus difformis , and Fimbristylis miliacea are widely adapted to conditions of DSR. Species exhibit variability in germination and establishment response to the water regime postsowing, which is a major factor in interspecifically selecting constituents of the weed flora. The relatively rapid emergence of “weedy” (red) rice, rice phenotypically similar to cultivars but exhibiting undesirable agronomic traits, has been observed in several Asian countries practicing DSR, and this poses a severe threat to the sustainability of the production system. Stale seedbeds, tillage practices for land leveling, choice of competitive rice cultivars, mechanical weeders, herbicides, and associated water management are component technologies essential to the control of weeds in DSR. Herbicides in particular are an important tool of weed management, but hand weeding is either partially or extensively practiced in countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Though yet to be globally commercialized, transgenic rice varieties engineered for herbicide resistance are a potential means of weed control. The release of herbicide‐resistant rice for red rice control in the United States has indicated the need to critically examine mitigation methods for the control of gene flow. Integrating preventive and interventional methods of weed control remains essential in managing weed communities in DSR, both to prohibit the evolution of herbicide resistance and to maximize the relative contributions of individual components where herbicides are not widely used. There remains a need to further develop understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of rice weed competition and of the community dynamics of weed populations in DSR to underpin sustainable weed management practices.

703 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sub1 provided a substantial enhancement in the level of tolerance of all the sensitive mega varieties, and Lack of dominance of Sub1 suggests that the Sub1A-1 allele should be carried by both parents for developing tolerant rice hybrids.

478 citations