Seismic Fragility Evaluation of Existing RC Frame and URM Buildings in Algeria
01 Jul 2018-International Journal of Civil Engineering (Springer International Publishing)-Vol. 16, Iss: 7, pp 845-856
TL;DR: In this article, the seismic fragility of typical existing buildings in the north part of Algeria, in which they evaluate the performance, the seismic vulnerability and the damage of reinforced concrete frame structures and URM masonry buildings, existing in dominant way in the city of Algiers (Algeria).
Abstract: The main objective of this present work is to estimate the seismic fragility of typical existing buildings in the north part of Algeria, in which we evaluate the performance, the seismic vulnerability and the damage of reinforced concrete frame structures and URM masonry buildings, existing in dominant way in the city of Algiers (Algeria). An analytical procedure for the derivation of fragility curves is proposed. The capacity spectrum method and seismic damage potential for the city, starting from capacity and fragility curves, are then discussed. Different tools regarding the determination of capacity curves of different existing structural systems by using a non-linear structural analysis are implemented and explained. Four damage states are defined for both structural systems. The earthquake action is expressed in terms of spectral values and the seismic quality of the buildings; the probabilities of the damage states are obtained considering a lognormal probability distribution. An ADRS format has been used for the studied area where a significant damage is obtained for mid-rise and high-rise masonry buildings.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental and shear strength analytical investigations carried out on seismic-damaged steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns strengthened with enveloped steel jacket subjected to cyclic loading are presented.
Abstract: The experimental and shear strength analytical investigations carried out on seismic-damaged steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns strengthened with enveloped steel jacket subjected to cyclic loading are presented in this paper. Four 1/2-scale SRC columns were designed and manufactured and the postearthquake damage, enveloped steel jacket-confined, and destructive tests were carried out under lateral cyclic loading. The effects of postearthquake damage degree and enveloped steel jacket-confined on shear capacity and ductility capacity were all well examined. Test results indicate that the ductility of seismic-damaged SRC columns strengthened with enveloped steel jacket increases with the reduction of the postearthquake damage degree. The results indicate that the calculation formula of shear bearing capacity of SRC columns is feasible. Based on GB50010-2010, ACI318-08, and CSA-04, three different shear models were established, and the calculated values of shear capacity are quite different, and the analysis of the shear strength of RC in the strengthened seismic-damaged SRC column cannot be ignored. The formula is verified, and the calculated results are consistent well with the experimental results.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new procedure for estimating the expected seismic direct economic losses resulting from building damage (repair/replacement measures) is proposed and applied and highlighted the fundamental roles of analytical fragility curves and cost ratio functions in the new procedure.
Abstract: The latest Italian seismic events have highlighted a high discrepancy between the potential destructiveness of an earthquake and the consequent economic losses due to damage to buildings. The main reason for this mismatch is the high number of vulnerable residential buildings or the low-to-medium vulnerability of buildings that are reaching the ends of their service lives. Awareness of the economic impact of seismic vulnerability should be a matter of primary interest for public administrations, private and insurance companies, banks, owners, and professionals, despite operating at different territorial levels and with different objectives. Quantification of the expected monetary consequence of seismic vulnerability, in terms of the probable cost of repairing earthquake damage, plays a key role in defining new and more effective seismic risk mitigation strategies. Retrofitting strategies based on intervention priority defined only according to the structural seismic risk level of buildings are incorrect. These strategies neglect several important issues, such as the financial losses caused by building damage. A new procedure for estimating the expected seismic direct economic losses resulting from building damage (repair/replacement measures) is proposed and applied. The fundamental roles of analytical fragility curves and cost ratio functions in the new procedure are highlighted.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a fragility analysis of RC buildings subjected to seismic loading and found that the performance of building structures is highly affected due to the setback, and the seismic fragility is more pronounced when setback passes from level 1 to level 4.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors performed a fragility analysis of RC buildings subjected to seismic loading and found that the performance of building structures is highly affected due to the setback, and the seismic fragility is more pronounced when setback passes from level 1 to level 4.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of an existing URM building which is currently used as a city hall of one of the biggest cities in the east part of Algeria called Constantine is evaluated.
Abstract: This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of an existing URM building which is currently used as a city hall of one of the biggest cities in the east part of Algeria called Constantine. In order to avoid serious damages, in the future, a seismic vulnerability and damage investigation of this kind of buildings are must. A seismic vulnerability study has been considered. Structural analysis is performed based on the site investigation (including inspection of the building and materials characteristics). An analytical procedure for the derivation of fragility curves is proposed. Different tools regarding the determination of capacity curves of the structural system by using a nonlinear analysis are implemented and four damage states are defined. The earthquake action is expressed in terms of spectral values; the probabilities of the damage states are obtained considering a lognormal probability distribution.
5 citations
References
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TL;DR: The first state emergency management system was established in the United States by the Federal Defense Act of 1950, which created our nation's Office of Civil Defense (OCD) and established the legal protection and authority of the Emergency Management Agency (EMA).
Abstract: Emergency Management was established in the United States by the Federal Defense Act of 1950, which created our nation's Office of Civil Defense. This act is the foundation for the Emergency Management System that we have today. Ohio's system is established under Ohio Revised Code, Chapter 5502, which provides for a state emergency management agency, requiring an emergency management director or coordinator and an Emergency Operations Plan for each county. This law also establishes the legal protection and authority of the Emergency Management Agency (EMA) to work in times of disaster.
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple analytical model is developed to calculate load factors associated with various collapse mechanisms of wall assemblies, and vulnerability functions are derived to quantify reduction in vulnerability associated with strengthening implementations for different typologies.
Abstract: In historic city centers the mitigation of seismic risk is dependent on the possibility of implementing strengthening programs. Given the cultural and economic value attached to the historic structures, however, interventions should be tailored to suit aesthetic and structural requirements of each building type, and provide sufficient reliability of performance in future earthquakes. A simple analytical model is developed to calculate load factors associated with various collapse mechanisms of wall assemblies, and vulnerability functions are derived. An application shows the capability of the procedure to quantify reduction in vulnerability associated with strengthening implementations for different typologies. [DOI: 10.1193/1.1599896]
344 citations
TL;DR: The vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable.
169 citations
TL;DR: The most relevant seismic vulnerability and risk analysis methods are discussed and compared in this article using, as a pilot urban area, the city of Barcelona, Spain, where risk studies have been carried out over the last 15 years in the framework of different research projects.
Abstract: The most relevant seismic vulnerability and risk analysis methods are discussed and compared in this article using, as a pilot urban area, the city of Barcelona, Spain, where risk studies have been carried out over the last 15 years in the framework of different research projects. Most of the buildings in Barcelona, which have unreinforced masonry structure or reinforced concrete structure with waffled slab floors, show a high degree of vulnerability to earthquakes. The physical seismic risk but also the socio-economic implications of risk are considered in the article. The robustness of the innovative holistic approach, based on indicators related to the physical exposure, the social fragilities and the lack of resilience of urban area, is also proved. Using a geographic information system (GIS), the seismic risk results are described by means of scenarios of expected losses, but also as scenarios of probabilities of occurrence of predefined damage states.
157 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The capacity spectrum method (CSM) as mentioned in this paper is a performance-based seismic analysis technique that can be used for a variety of purposes such as rapid evaluation of a large inventory of buildings, design verification for new construction of individual buildings, evaluation of an existing structure to identify damage states, and correlation of damage states of buildings to various amplitudes of ground motion.
Abstract: The Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM), a performance-based seismic analysis technique, can be used for a variety of purposes such as rapid evaluation of a large inventory of buildings, design verification for new construction of individual buildings, evaluation of an existing structure to identify damage states, and correlation of damage states of buildings to various amplitudes of ground motion. The procedure compares the capacity of the structure (in the form of a pushover curve) with the demands on the structure (in the form of response spectra). The graphical intersection of the two curves approximates the response of the structure. In order to account for non-linear inelastic behavior of the structural system, effective viscous damping values are applied to linear-elastic response spectra similar to inelastic response spectra. The paper summarizes the development of the CSM from the 1970s to the present and includes discussions on modifications presented by other researchers, as well as recommendations by the author.
118 citations