Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations.
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...However, it remains unclear where most of the resistant bacteria have been selected, and in particular if the low antibiotic concentrations that are present in natural environments or in human/animal body compartments during therapeutic use, are important for the selection and enrichment of resistant mutants (Gullberg et al., 2012)....
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...…of the resistant bacteria have been selected, and in particular if the low antibiotic concen- trations that are present in natural environments or in human/animal body compartments during therapeutic use, are important for the selection and enrichment of resistant mutants (Gullberg et al., 2012)....
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Cites background from "Selection of resistant bacteria at ..."
...Although it is generally assumed that selection of resistant bacteria occurs at antibiotic concentrations between the MIC of the susceptible wild-type population and that of the resistant bacteria, recent studies suggested that such selection could also occur at lower antibiotic concentrations (168)....
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References
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"Selection of resistant bacteria at ..." refers background in this paper
...aquatic or soil) environments [8,9,10], that are produced naturally by antibiotic-producing micro-organisms or that are present in certain human/animal body compartments during therapeutic or growth promotion use, are for the selection and enrichment of resistant mutants....
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...environments or in soil levels are typically much lower [8]....
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1,947 citations
"Selection of resistant bacteria at ..." refers background in this paper
...Whereas some resistance-conferring genes were most likely originally selected to serve metabolic functions and/or for signal trafficking or protection against competing antibiotic-producing bacteria [4], the recent worldwide enrichment and spread of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria in the micro-biosphere has largely been driven by human activities, including the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and in agriculture [2,3,5,6,7]....
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1,929 citations
"Selection of resistant bacteria at ..." refers background in this paper
...However, in most resistant strains found clinically the fitness cost of resistance is frequently compensated for by secondary mutations without a loss of resistance [25]....
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1,519 citations
"Selection of resistant bacteria at ..." refers background in this paper
...Whereas some resistance-conferring genes were most likely originally selected to serve metabolic functions and/or for signal trafficking or protection against competing antibiotic-producing bacteria [4], the recent worldwide enrichment and spread of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria in the micro-biosphere has largely been driven by human activities, including the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and in agriculture [2,3,5,6,7]....
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