Selective attention for pain-related information in healthy individuals: the role of pain and fear.
TL;DR: Attentional bias for pain words was neither found to be related to trait variables like anxiety, depression, catastrophising, fear of pain, and pain vigilance, nor as a function of pain per se.
About: This article is published in European Journal of Pain.The article was published on 2002-10-01. It has received 50 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pain catastrophizing & Attentional bias.
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866 citations
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TL;DR: This meta‐analysis investigated whether attentional bias, that is, the preferential allocation of attention to information that is related to pain, is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and indicated that individuals who experience chronic pain display an attentional biased towards pain‐related words or pictures.
Abstract: This meta-analysis investigated whether attentional bias, that is, the preferential allocation of attention to information that is related to pain, is a ubiquitous phenomenon. We also investigated whether attentional bias effects are related to the methodological quality of the study, to procedural differences in their measurement, or to individual differences in pain severity, pain-related fear, anxiety, and depression. Results indicated that individuals who experience chronic pain (n = 1023) display an attentional bias towards pain-related words or pictures, but this bias was of a small effect size (d = 0.134), and did not differ from that in control groups (d = 0.082; n = 1398). No evidence was found for an attentional bias towards pain-related words and pictures for acute pain (d = 0.049), procedural pain (d = 0.142), and experimental pain (d = 0.069). However, research in which attentional bias towards signals of impending experimental pain in healthy volunteers was investigated, revealed an attentional bias of medium effect size (d = 0.676). Moderator analyses in the chronic pain group identified important procedural variables that affected the presence and magnitude of an attentional bias towards pain-related words and pictures, that is, type and exposure time of pain-related information. None of the individual difference variables affected the magnitude of the attentional bias. Implications of current findings and future directions are discussed.
262 citations
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TL;DR: Results suggest that nociception captures the animal's attention with only a relatively small amount of attention directed at responding to the fear of the novel object.
217 citations
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TL;DR: The general depression scales used were felt to be insufficient for the purpose of this research project and the more specific scales were also inadequate.
Abstract: The fact that there is a need for assessing depression, whether as an affect, a symptom, or a disorder is obvious by the numerous scales and inventories available and in use today. The need to assess depression simply and specifically as a psychiatric disorder has not been met by most scales available today. We became acutely aware of this situation in a research project where we needed to correlate both the presence and severity of a depressive disorder in patients with other parameters such as arousal response during sleep and changes with treatment of the depressive disorder. It was felt that the general depression scales used were insufficient for our purpose and that the more specific scales were also inadequate. These inadequacies related to factors such as the length of a scale or inventory being too long and too time consuming, especially for a patient
8,413 citations
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01 Jan 1975TL;DR: In cognitive therapy, a person's psychological difficulties stem from his own erroneous assumptions and faulty concepts of himself and the world as mentioned in this paper, and such a person can be helped to recognize and correct distortions in thinking that cause his emotional disturbance.
Abstract: Is the emotionally disturbed person a victim of forces beyond his awareness, over which he has no control? This is the belief on which neuropsychiatry, psychoanalysis, and behaviour therapy are all based. But what if this premise is wrong? What if a person's psychological difficulties stem from his own erroneous assumptions and faulty concepts of himself and the world? Such a person can be helped to recognize and correct distortions in thinking that cause his emotional disturbance. Now one of the founders of cognitive therapy has written a clear, comprehensive guide to its theory and practice, highlighting such important concepts as learning the meaning of hidden messages - listening to your automatic thoughts - the role of sadness, anger and anxiety - understanding and overcoming phobias and depression.
6,941 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was administered to 425 undergraduates and a three component solution comprising (a) rumination, (b) magnification, and (c) helplessness.
Abstract: In Study 1, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was administered to 425 undergraduates. Analyses yielded a three component solution comprising (a) rumination, (b) magnification, and (c) helplessness. In Study 2, 30 undergraduate participants were classified as catastrophizers (n = 15) or noncatastrophizers (n = 15) on the basis of their PCS scores and participated in an cold pressor procedure. Catastrophizers reported significantly more negative pain-related thoughts, greater emotional distress, and greater pain intensity than noncatastrophizers. Study 3 examined the relation between PCS scores, negative pain-related thoughts, and distress in 28 individuals undergoing an aversive electrodiagnostic medical procedure. Catastrophizers reported more negative pain-related thoughts, more emotional distress, and more pain than noncatastrophizers. Study 4 examined the relation between the PCS and measures of depression, trait anxiety, negative affectivity, and fear of pain. Analyses revealed moderate correlations among these measures, but only the PCS contributed significant unique variance t o the prediction of pain intensity.
6,173 citations
"Selective attention for pain-relate..." refers methods in this paper
...…Questionnaire (PVAQ; (McCracken, 1997)), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; (Spielberger et al., 1970)), the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS; (Sullivan et al., 1995)), the Zung depression scale (Zung, 1965), and a self-translated version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ; (McNeil &…...
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TL;DR: The McGill Pain Questionnaire as discussed by the authors consists of three major classes of word descriptors (sensory, affective and evaluative) that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience.
Abstract: The McGill Pain Questionnaire consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors--sensory, affective and evaluative--that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience. The questionnaire was designed to provide quantitative measures of clinical pain that can be treated statistically. This paper describes the procedures for administration of the questionnaire and the various measures that can be derived from it. The 3 major measures are: (1) the pain rating index, based on two types of numerical values that can be assigned to each word descriptor, (2) the number of words chosen; and (3) the present pain intensity based on a 1-5 intensity scale. Correlation coefficients among these measures, based on data obtained with 297 patients suffering several kinds of pain, are presented. In addition, an experimental study which utilized the questionnaire is analyzed in order to describe the nature of the information that is obtained. The data, taken together, indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among different methods to relieve pain.
6,007 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among different methods to relieve pain.
Abstract: The McGill Pain Questionnaire consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors--sensory, affective and evaluative--that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience. The questionnaire was designed to provide quantitative measures of clinical pain that can be treated statistically. This paper describes the procedures for administration of the questionnaire and the various measures that can be derived from it. The 3 major measures are: (1) the pain rating index, based on two types of numerical values that can be assigned to each word descriptor, (2) the number of words chosen; and (3) the present pain intensity based on a 1-5 intensity scale. Correlation coefficients among these measures, based on data obtained with 297 patients suffering several kinds of pain, are presented. In addition, an experimental study which utilized the questionnaire is analyzed in order to describe the nature of the information that is obtained. The data, taken together, indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among different methods to relieve pain.
5,944 citations