Selective laser melting porous metallic implants with immobilized silver nanoparticles kill and prevent biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
TL;DR: Rationally designed SLM porous implants outperformed solid implants with similar dimensions undergoing the same biofunctionalization treatment, and included four times larger amount of released silver ions, two times larger zone of inhibition, and one additional order of magnitude of reduction in numbers of CFU in an ex vivo mouse infection model.
About: This article is published in Biomaterials.The article was published on 2017-09-01. It has received 158 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Osseointegration & Silver nanoparticle.
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TL;DR: The potential antibacterial mechanisms ofAgNPs are analyzed, and the influences of AgNPs on osteogenic-related cells, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were discussed.
Abstract: Infection, as a common postoperative complication of orthopedic surgery, is the main reason leading to implant failure. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a promising antibacterial agent and always used to modify orthopedic implants to prevent infection. To optimize the implants in a reasonable manner, it is critical for us to know the specific antibacterial mechanism, which is still unclear. In this review, we analyzed the potential antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, and the influences of AgNPs on osteogenic-related cells, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were also discussed. In addition, methods to enhance biocompatibility of AgNPs as well as advanced implants modifications technologies were also summarized.
574 citations
Cites background from "Selective laser melting porous meta..."
...The coating showed strong antimicrobial activity without any signs of cytotoxicity, because AgNPs are entrapped in an in-depth growing oxide layer which fully immobilizes them and prevents them from freely circulating through the blood stem.(57) Furthermore, the AgNPs were found to be very stable in biological fluids with material loss, as a result of dissolution, to be ,0....
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...aureus including released activity, surface antimicrobial activity, and prevention of biofilm formation.(57) These evidences showed that implant can be endowed with antibiofilm activity with AgNP incorporation....
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TL;DR: An analysis of scaffold-based growth factor delivery strategies found in the recent literature shows great promise, both by providing sustained release over a therapeutically relevant timeframe and the potential to sequentially deliver multiple growth factors.
Abstract: In recent years, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution to the limitations of current gold standard treatment options for bone related-disorders such as bone grafts. Bone tissue engineering provides a scaffold design that mimics the extracellular matrix, providing an architecture that guides the natural bone regeneration process. During this period, a new generation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds has been designed and characterized that explores the incorporation of signaling molecules in order to enhance cell recruitment and ingress into the scaffold, as well as osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, each of which is crucial to successful bone regeneration. Here, we outline and critically analyze key characteristics of successful bone tissue engineering scaffolds. We also explore candidate materials used to fabricate these scaffolds. Different growth factors involved in the highly coordinated process of bone repair are discussed, and the key requirements of a growth factor delivery system are described. Finally, we concentrate on an analysis of scaffold-based growth factor delivery strategies found in the recent literature. In particular, the incorporation of two-phase systems consisting of growth factor-loaded nanoparticles embedded into scaffolds shows great promise, both by providing sustained release over a therapeutically relevant timeframe and the potential to sequentially deliver multiple growth factors.
346 citations
TL;DR: The study shows for the first time that AM of porous Mg may provide distinct possibilities to adjust biodegradation profile through topological design and open up unprecedented opportunities to develop multifunctional bone substituting materials that mimic bone properties and enable full regeneration of critical-size load-bearing bony defects.
250 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents and critically evaluates the most important trends and findings in this area with a special focus on the metallic biomaterials used for skeletal applications to enable researchers better understand the current state-of-the-art and to guide the design of future research projects.
210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critical analysis and overview of the relationship between processing parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties of LMD components made from the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
181 citations
References
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TL;DR: New fabrication techniques, such as solid-free form fabrication, can potentially be used to generate scaffolds with morphological and mechanical properties more selectively designed to meet the specificity of bone-repair needs.
5,470 citations
"Selective laser melting porous meta..." refers background in this paper
...Second, the pore size was required to be larger than 300 μm to maximize the bone regeneration performance of the porous biomaterials [22]....
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...The other geometrical parameters of the porous biomaterials such as pore size [22], pore shape [23], porosity [22], and curvature [24,25] that have been shown to influence bone tissue regeneration [26] can be also rationally designed to achieve improved tissue regeneration performance and implant fixation....
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TL;DR: Silver nanoparticles have emerged up with diverse medical applications ranging from silver based dressings, silver coated medicinal devices, such as nanogels, nanolotions, etc, due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize.
5,014 citations
"Selective laser melting porous meta..." refers background in this paper
...5 MRSA [32-37] through multiple mechanisms such as damage to bacterial membranes and production of reactive oxygen species [38]....
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TL;DR: The results suggest that Ag nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.
4,319 citations
"Selective laser melting porous meta..." refers background in this paper
...5 MRSA [32-37] through multiple mechanisms such as damage to bacterial membranes and production of reactive oxygen species [38]....
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TL;DR: A possible mechanism of toxicity is proposed which involves disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by Ag-np leading to production of ROS and interruption of ATP synthesis, which in turn cause DNA damage.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) are being used increasingly in wound dressings, catheters, and various household products due to their antimicrobial activity. The toxicity of starch-coated silver nanoparticles was studied using normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR-90) and human glioblastoma cells (U251). The toxicity was evaluated using changes in cell morphology, cell viability, metabolic activity, and oxidative stress. Ag-np reduced ATP content of the cell caused damage to mitochondria and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. DNA damage, as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN), was also dose-dependent and more prominent in the cancer cells. The nanoparticle treatment caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase possibly due to repair of damaged DNA. Annexin-V propidium iodide (PI) staining showed no massive apoptosis or necrosis. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis indicated the presen...
3,261 citations
TL;DR: The reduction of [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+) by maltose produced silver particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size of 25 nm, which showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including highly multiresistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Abstract: A one-step simple synthesis of silver colloid nanoparticles with controllable sizes is presented. In this synthesis, reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ complex cation by four saccharides was performed. Four saccharides were used: two monosaccharides (glucose and galactose) and two disaccharides (maltose and lactose). The syntheses performed at various ammonia concentrations (0.005−0.20 mol L-1) and pH conditions (11.5−13.0) produced a wide range of particle sizes (25−450 nm) with narrow size distributions, especially at the lowest ammonia concentrations. The average size, size distribution, morphology, and structure of particles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV/Visible absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of the saccharide structure (monosacharides versus disaccharides) on the size of silver particles is briefly discussed. The reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ by maltose produced silver particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size of ...
2,184 citations
"Selective laser melting porous meta..." refers background in this paper
...5 MRSA [32-37] through multiple mechanisms such as damage to bacterial membranes and production of reactive oxygen species [38]....
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