Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection
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1,009 citations
Cites background from "Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..."
...have believed that an impaired immune response is due to the deficiency of a particular nutritional element.(10) Vitamin A deficiency is strongly involved in measles and diarrhea(11) and measles can become severe in vitamin A‐deficient children....
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...benign or mildly pathogenic virus can become highly virulent in the deficient host under oxidative stress.(10) Deficiency in selenium also...
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...ciency impacts not only the immune response but also the viral pathogen itself.(10) Dietary selenium deficiency that causes oxidative stress in the host can alter a viral genome so that a normally...
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282 citations
270 citations
Cites background from "Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..."
...Such viral mechanisms could contribute to the well-documented oxidative stress associated with many RNA virus infections (2, 5, 6, 14, 15); increased viral replication (hence increased mutation rate); and observed higher pathogenicity or mortality under selenium deficiency, as reported here for SARSCoV-2....
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...Indeed, multiple cellular and viral mechanisms involving selenium and selenoproteins could influence viral pathogenicity, including virally encoded selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases [reviewed in (14, 15)]....
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240 citations
232 citations
Cites background from "Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..."
...Firstly, Se status may already have been relatively low in the patients before disease, constituting a risk factor for viral infection as shown previously for other diseases [11,12]....
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...infections, spread, and virulence development [11,12,42], but also to reduce the individual risk for cardiovascular mortality [44–47], cancer [21,48,49], and death from severe disease [10,14,39]....
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...spread, and virulence development [11,12,42], but also to reduce the individual risk for cardiovascular mortality [44–47], cancer [21,48,49], and death from severe disease [10,14,39]....
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...Se deficiency is an established risk factor for viral infections [11]....
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References
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"Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..." refers background in this paper
...Note that these experiments were performed before the emergence of the HAART....
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...Group GenomeStructure Virus Family Virus Epidemiological Study Epidemiological Intervention In Vitro Study In Vivo Study Viral Selenoprot V Negativesense single- stranded RNA Orthomyxoviridae Avian influenza (H9N2) SS sodium enriched yeast or sodium selenite ↓ viral shedding ↑ ISG expression and IFN [198] Avian Influenza A/duck/ Novosibirst56/05 (H5N1) CT = RK, BHK21 and Vero E6 cells SS = nutrient mixture containing selenium ↓ viral replication in late stages [199] Paramyxoviridae Parainfluenza-3 (PI3) SS = sodium selenite ↑ GPX activity after infection in Se group ↑ IgM after infection in Se group antibody titer after infection in Se group [200] Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) ↓ Se in infected people [193] Measles virus (MV) [183] VI Singlestranded RNA with a DNA intermediate Retroviridae Human immuno-deficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) ↓ Se in infected people [153,187,201–212] No significant variation of Se level in infected people [213–215] Low selenium level associated with low CD4 count [153,203,206,207,211] Low selenium level associated with a higher progression to AIDS [201–204,206] Low selenium level associated with vaginal shedding of HIV [216] High selenium level associated with vaginal shedding of HIV [217] No significant variation of Se level in infected people treated with HAART [218] More skin desease in Se deficient HIV infected people [211] No change in viral load SS = selenized yeast [137,139] SS = selenomethionine [219] SS = Sodium selenite [220] SS = not indicated [138,221] ↑ in CD4 count in Se group SS = selenized yeast yeast [137,139] SS = Sodium selenite [220] SS = not indicated [138,221] No change in CD4 count SS = selenomethionine [219,222] SS = not indicated [223] ↑ of viral shedding in Se group SS = selenomethionine [224] SS = not indicated [221] Se supplementation improves child survival if the mother is infected SS = selenomethionine [219] Se supplementation decreases diarrheal morbidity SS = selenomethionine [225] CT = Jurkat and HeLa cells Infection or TAT expression ↓ some selenoproteins but ↑ low molecular mass selenocompounds [142,226] CT = ACH2, Jurkat, ESb-L, KK1, U1 cells and monocytes SS = selenite Prevents HIV transcription by TNF alpha mediated NFkappaB activiation in chronically infected cells [227–229] CT = SupT1 GPX1 overexpression ↑ viral replication and cytopathic effects and inversely [230] CT = U937, monocytes derived macrophages TXNRD1 negatively regulates TAT activity by targeting disulfides bonds [231] In patients, a polymorphism a SELENOF is associated with a shorter time of progression to AIDS [232] [195,233, 234] Nutrients 2019, 11, 2101 17 of 33 Table 1....
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...No vaccine is available until now, but an effective medication in decreasing the viral load and increasing the number of CD4 T-lymphocytes has been developed and is referred to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [128]....
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4,369 citations
"Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..." refers background in this paper
...Oxidative stress leads to direct or indirect ROS-mediated damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and this phenomenon has been implicated in many pathological conditions including carcinogenesis [36], neurodegeneration [37,38], atherosclerosis, diabetes [39], and aging [40]....
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3,372 citations
"Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral ..." refers background in this paper
...ROS can also arise from exogenous sources including drugs, xenobiotics, metals, radiation, smocking and infection [35]....
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3,359 citations