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Journal ArticleDOI

Self-assembled Nano-layering at the Adhesive Interface

TL;DR: Describing adhesive-dentin interfaces chemically and ultrastructurally revealed nano-layering at the adhesive interface, not only within the hybrid layer but also, particularly for Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), extending into the adhesive layer.
Abstract: According to the 'Adhesion-Decalcification' concept, specific functional monomers within dental adhesives can ionically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) to manifest in the form of self-assembled 'nano-layering'. However, it remained to be explored if such nano-layering also occurs on tooth tissue when commercial MDP-containing adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) were applied following common clinical application protocols. We therefore characterized adhesive-dentin interfaces chemically, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultrastructurally, using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM). Both adhesives revealed nano-layering at the adhesive interface, not only within the hybrid layer but also, particularly for Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), extending into the adhesive layer. Since such self-assembled nano-layering of two 10-MDP molecules, joined by stable MDP-Ca salt formation, must make the adhesive interface more resistant to biodegradation, it may well explain the documented favorable clinical longevity of bonds produced by 10-MDP-based adhesives.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enamel bond strength of universal adhesives is improved with prior phosphoric acid etching, however, this effect was not evident for dentin with the use of mild universalAdhesives with the etch-and-rinse strategy.

400 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that this new category of universal adhesives used on dentine as either etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategies were inferior as regards at least one of the properties evaluated (μTBS, NL and DC) in comparison with the controlAdhesives.

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study examined the short-term in vitro performance of five universal adhesives bonded to human coronal dentine, showing the increase in versatility of universalAdhesives is not accompanied by technological advances for overcoming the challenges associated with previous generations of adhesive.

252 citations


Cites background from "Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..."

  • ...), a MDP-containing two-step self-etch adhesive, degradation still occurred after 12 months of in vivo or in vitro aging,(34) despite demonstration of nano-layering within the resin-dentin interface.(31) This may be attributed to hydrolytic degradation of the ester functionality in 10-MDP and other methacrylate resin monomers on the one hand,(35,36) and enzymatic degradation of apatite-sparse collagen by endogenous collagenolytic enzymes on the other hand....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures is reviewed to help clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.
Abstract: Adhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Adhesive dentistry began in 1955 by Buonocore on the benefits of acid etching. With changing technologies, dental adhesives have evolved from no-etch to total-etch (4th and 5th generation) to self-etch (6th, 7th and 8th generation) systems. Currently, bonding to dental substrates is based on three different strategies: 1) etch-and-rinse, 2) self-etch and 3) resin-modified glass-ionomer approach as possessing the unique properties of self-adherence to the tooth tissue. More recently, a new family of dentin adhesives has been introduced (universal or multi-mode adhesives), which may be used either as etch-and-rinse or as self-etch adhesives. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures. As noted by several valuable studies that have contributed to understanding of bonding to various substrates helps clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.

251 citations


Cites background from "Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..."

  • ...Stable MDP-calcium salts are formed during this reaction and deposited in self-assembled nano-layers of varying degrees and quality depending on the adhesive system (90, 91)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Application of an etching step prior to UAs improves their dentine penetration, but does not affect their bond strength to dentine after 24h or after thermocycling for 5000 cycles.

244 citations


Cites background from "Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..."

  • ...On the ther hand, the MDP monomer (present in the milder UAs ested here) has shown not only to chemically bond to HAp, ut also to self-assemble into nanolayers,(35) which has strong ydrophobic properties that protect the formed hybrid layer rom hydrolytic degradation.(3) The etching step ensures a deeper penetration of the selftch adhesives into the dentine substrate, generating longer esin tags,(16,36) as well as thicker hybrid layers....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
29 Oct 1999-Science
TL;DR: A thin-film field-effect transistor having an organic-inorganic hybrid material as the semiconducting channel was demonstrated and molecular engineering of the organic and inorganic components of the hybrids is expected to further improve device performance for low-cost thin- film transistors.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic hybrid materials promise both the superior carrier mobility of inorganic semiconductors and the processability of organic materials A thin-film field-effect transistor having an organic-inorganic hybrid material as the semiconducting channel was demonstrated Hybrids based on the perovskite structure crystallize from solution to form oriented molecular-scale composites of alternating organic and inorganic sheets Spin-coated thin films of the semiconducting perovskite (C(6)H(5)C(2)H(4)NH(3))(2)SnI(4) form the conducting channel, with field-effect mobilities of 06 square centimeters per volt-second and current modulation greater than 10(4) Molecular engineering of the organic and inorganic components of the hybrids is expected to further improve device performance for low-cost thin-film transistors

1,887 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions and confirms that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term.
Abstract: Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions. Furthermore, bond-strength testing and measurement of marginal-sealing effectiveness (the two most commonly employed methodologies to determine "bonding effectiveness" in the laboratory) are evaluated upon their value and relevance in predicting clinical performance. A new dynamic methodology to test biomaterial-tooth bonds in a fatigue mode is introduced with a recently developed micro-rotary fatigue-testing device. Eventually, today's adhesives will be critically weighted upon their performance in diverse laboratory studies and clinical trials. Special attention has been given to the benefits/drawbacks of an etch&rinse versus a self-etch approach and the long-term performance of these adhesives. Correlating data gathered in the laboratory with clinical results clearly showed that laboratory research CAN predict clinical effectiveness. Although there is a tendency to simplify bonding procedures, the data presented confirm that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term. Nevertheless, a self-etch approach may have the best future perspective. Clinically, when adhesives no longer require an "etch&rinse" step, the application time, and probably more importantly, the technique-sensitivity are substantially reduced. Especially "mild," two-step self-etch adhesives that bond through a combined micromechanical and chemical interaction with tooth tissue closely approach conventional three-step systems in bonding performance.

1,721 citations


"Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The underlying mechanism of bonding was shown to be based upon submicron micro-mechanical interlocking (Van Meerbeek et al., 2003), supplemented by primary chemical interaction of the functional monomer MDP with HAp that remained around the partially exposed collagen (Yoshida et al., 2004; Fu et…...

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  • ...Increasingly, research indicates that etch-and-rinse adhesives suffer from poor adaptation to HAp-denuded collagen (Van Meerbeek et al., 2003; Brackett et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study critically discusses the latest peer-reviewed reports related to formation, aging and stability of resin bonding, focusing on the micro and nano-phenomena related to adhesive interface degradation.

1,086 citations


"Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Indeed, the strong hydrophobic nature of the nano-layered structure may help to protect the formed hybrid layer against biodegradation (Breschi et al., 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major shortcomings of the most simple-to-use one-step (self-etch) adhesives are addressed and special attention is devoted to the AD-concept and the benefit of chemical interfacial interaction with regard to bond durability.

1,059 citations


"Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...This finding favors the use of a ‘mild’ self-etch rather than an ‘etch-and-rinse’ approach with dentin (Van Meerbeek et al., 2011)....

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  • ...Selectively etching enamel combined with a ‘mild’ self-etch adhesive can therefore today be recommended to achieve effective and durable bonding to tooth enamel and dentin (Van Meerbeek et al., 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.
Abstract: Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction with the functional monomer and, subsequently, contribute to adhesive performance in addition to micro-mechanical hybridization. We therefore chemically characterized the adhesive interaction of 3 functional monomers with synthetic hydroxyapatite, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We further characterized their interaction with dentin ultra-morphologically, using transmission electron microscopy. The monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) readily adhered to hydroxyapatite. This bond appeared very stable, as confirmed by the low dissolution rate of its calcium salt in water. The bonding potential of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) was substantially lower. The monomer 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) and its bond to hydroxyapatite did not appear to be hydrolytically stable. Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.

1,035 citations


"Self-assembled Nano-layering at the..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…monomers so far tested for their chemical bonding potential to HAp, the functional monomer MDP outperformed other monomers, like Phenyl-P and 4-MET (Yoshida et al., 2004; Yoshihara et al., 2010), and three different phosphonate monomers (Van Landuyt et al., 2008; Yoshihara et al., 2011b)....

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  • ...In a study by Yoshida et al. (2004), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed a low dissolution rate of 6.79 ± 0.43 mg/L for MDP-Ca, vs. 1.36 ± 0.27 g/L and 1.91 ± 0.14 g/L for 4-MET-Ca and PhenylP-Ca, respectively....

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  • ..., 2003), supplemented by primary chemical interaction of the functional monomer MDP with HAp that remained around the partially exposed collagen (Yoshida et al., 2004; Fu et al., 2005)....

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  • ...…mechanism of bonding was shown to be based upon submicron micro-mechanical interlocking (Van Meerbeek et al., 2003), supplemented by primary chemical interaction of the functional monomer MDP with HAp that remained around the partially exposed collagen (Yoshida et al., 2004; Fu et al., 2005)....

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  • ...Among the different functional monomers so far tested for their chemical bonding potential to HAp, the functional monomer MDP outperformed other monomers, like Phenyl-P and 4-MET (Yoshida et al., 2004; Yoshihara et al., 2010), and three different phosphonate monomers (Van Landuyt et al....

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