Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Organosilanes and Porphyrins Investigated with Scanning Probe Microscopy
01 Jan 2017-
About: The article was published on 2017-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Scanning probe microscopy.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach to solve the problem of homonymity in the context of homophily, i.e., homophilia, and homomorphism.
Abstract: ......................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER
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TL;DR: The atomic force microscope as mentioned in this paper is a combination of the principles of the scanning tunneling microscope and the stylus profilometer, which was proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, they introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale.
Abstract: The scanning tunneling microscope is proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, we introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale. The atomic force microscope is a combination of the principles of the scanning tunneling microscope and the stylus profilometer. It incorporates a probe that does not damage the surface. Our preliminary results in air demonstrate a lateral resolution of 30 A and a vertical resolution less than 1 A.
12,344 citations
TL;DR: Monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date and offer the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies.
Abstract: The field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has witnessed tremendous growth in synthetic sophistication and depth of characterization over the past 15 years.1 However, it is interesting to comment on the modest beginning and on important milestones. The field really began much earlier than is now recognized. In 1946 Zisman published the preparation of a monomolecular layer by adsorption (self-assembly) of a surfactant onto a clean metal surface.2 At that time, the potential of self-assembly was not recognized, and this publication initiated only a limited level of interest. Early work initiated in Kuhn’s laboratory at Gottingen, applying many years of experience in using chlorosilane derivative to hydrophobize glass, was followed by the more recent discovery, when Nuzzo and Allara showed that SAMs of alkanethiolates on gold can be prepared by adsorption of di-n-alkyl disulfides from dilute solutions.3 Getting away from the moisture-sensitive alkyl trichlorosilanes, as well as working with crystalline gold surfaces, were two important reasons for the success of these SAMs. Many self-assembly systems have since been investigated, but monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date. The formation of monolayers by self-assembly of surfactant molecules at surfaces is one example of the general phenomena of self-assembly. In nature, self-assembly results in supermolecular hierarchical organizations of interlocking components that provides very complex systems.4 SAMs offer unique opportunities to increase fundamental understanding of self-organization, structure-property relationships, and interfacial phenomena. The ability to tailor both head and tail groups of the constituent molecules makes SAMs excellent systems for a more fundamental understanding of phenomena affected by competing intermolecular, molecular-substrates and molecule-solvent interactions like ordering and growth, wetting, adhesion, lubrication, and corrosion. That SAMs are well-defined and accessible makes them good model systems for studies of physical chemistry and statistical physics in two dimensions, and the crossover to three dimensions. SAMs provide the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies. These studies may eventually produce the design capabilities needed for assemblies of three-dimensional structures.5 However, this will require studies of more complex systems and the combination of what has been learned from SAMs with macromolecular science. The exponential growth in SAM research is a demonstration of the changes chemistry as a disciAbraham Ulman was born in Haifa, Israel, in 1946. He studied chemistry in the Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel, and received his B.Sc. in 1969. He received his M.Sc. in phosphorus chemistry from Bar-Ilan University in 1971. After a brief period in industry, he moved to the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, and received his Ph.D. in 1978 for work on heterosubstituted porphyrins. He then spent two years at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, where his main interest was onedimensional organic conductors. In 1985 he joined the Corporate Research Laboratories of Eastman Kodak Company, in Rochester, NY, where his research interests were molecular design of materials for nonlinear optics and self-assembled monolayers. In 1994 he moved to Polytechnic University where he is the Alstadt-Lord-Mark Professor of Chemistry. His interests encompass self-assembled monolayers, surface engineering, polymers at interface, and surfaces phenomena. 1533 Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1533−1554
7,465 citations
"Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Organos..." refers background in this paper
...The surface self-assembly of organosilanes has been studied since 1980 because of useful properties such as thermal and chemical stability and compatibility with substrates such as silica, glass, and mica.(54-57) However, the complete mechanism is not fully understood for the surface selfassembly and growth of multilayer films of organosilanes....
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TL;DR: It is shown that on the basis of open-source software development, a fully functional software package can be created that covers the needs of a large part of the scanning probe microscopy user community.
Abstract: In this article, we review special features of Gwyddion—a modular, multiplatform, open-source software for scanning probe microscopy data processing, which is available at http://gwyddion.net/. We describe its architecture with emphasis on modularity and easy integration of the provided algorithms into other software. Special functionalities, such as data processing from non-rectangular areas, grain and particle analysis, and metrology support are discussed as well. It is shown that on the basis of open-source software development, a fully functional software package can be created that covers the needs of a large part of the scanning probe microscopy user community.
3,151 citations
"Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Organos..." refers methods in this paper
...Digital images were processed using the open source software Gwyddion, which is supported by the Czech Metrology Institute.(134)...
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...All images shown were processed using Gwyddion open source software, which is supported by the Czech Metrology Institute.(134)...
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TL;DR: In this article, the design and initial characterization of two-dimensional arrays of colloidal Au particles are reported, which are prepared by self-assembly of 12 nm diameter colloidal particles onto immobilized polymers having pendant functional groups with high affinity for Au (i.e., CN, SH, and NH 2 ).
Abstract: The design and initial characterization of two-dimensional arrays of colloidal Au particles are reported. These surfaces are prepared by self-assembly of 12 nm diameter colloidal Au particles onto immobilized polymers having pendant functional groups with high affinity for Au (i.e., CN, SH, and NH 2 ). The polymers are formed by condensation of functionalized alkoxysilanes onto cleaned quartz, glass, and SiO 2 surfaces. The assembly protocol is carried out completely in solution: cleaned substrates are immersed in methanolic solutions of organosilane, rinsed, and subsequently immersed in aqueous colloidal Au solutions. Two-dimensional arrays spontaneously form on the polymer surface. The resulting substrates have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). TEM data show that the particles are spatially separated but close enough to interact electromagnetically (small spacing compared to λ). The UV-vis data show that collective particle surface plasmon modes are present in the 650-750 nm region, suggesting that these assemblies are SERS-active. This is indeed the case, with enhancement factors of roughly. Au colloid monolayers possess a set of features that make them very attractive for both basic and applied uses, including uniform roughness, high stability, and biocompatibility
2,710 citations
TL;DR: The use of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy to probe the size-tunable optical properties of Ag nanoparticles and their sensitivity to the local, external dielectric environment (viz., the nanoenvironment) is discussed in this article.
Abstract: Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is an inexpensive, simple to implement, inherently parallel, high throughput, materials general nanofabrication technique capable of producing an unexpectedly large variety of nanoparticle structures and well-ordered 2D nanoparticle arrays. This article describes our recent efforts to broaden the scope of NSL to include strategies for the fabrication of several new nanoparticle structural motifs and their characterization by atomic force microscopy. NSL has also been demonstrated to be well-suited to the synthesis of size-tunable noble metal nanoparticles in the 20−1000 nm range. This characteristic of NSL has been especially valuable for investigating the fascinating richness of behavior manifested in size-dependent nanoparticle optics. The use of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy to probe the size-tunable optical properties of Ag nanoparticles and their sensitivity to the local, external dielectric environment (viz., the nanoenvironment) is discussed in...
2,422 citations
"Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Organos..." refers background in this paper
...D Three Dimensional AC Alternating Current AC AFM Acoustic Mode AFM AFM Atomic Force Microscopy BCH Bicyclohexyl CMPS 4-(chloromethyl)-phenyltrichlorosilane cp-AFM Conductive Probe-AFM DCM Dichloromethane EFM Electric Force Microscopy H2TPyP 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine HOPG Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite ITO Indium Tin Oxide KPFM Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy MFM Magnetic Force Microscopy NSL Nanosphere Lithography OEtP 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaethylporphyrin OTS Octadecyltrichlorosilane pc-AFM Photo-currrent AFM PID Proportional and Integral-Derivative gains RMS Root Mean Square SAMs Self-assembled Monolayers SPM Scanning Probe Microscopy STM Scanning Tunneling Microscopy z Tip-Sample Distance ix ABSTRACT This dissertation details the development of new fabrication strategies for the preparation of spatially selective surfaces by combining techniques of particle lithography and scanning probe microscopy (SPM)....
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...68 arrays of (SAMs), proteins, polymers, and nanoparticles on a variety of surfaces that include, gold, mica, quartz, silicon, and indium tin oxide (ITO).(84-92) This high- throughput lithography...
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