Self-directing optimization of parameters for extracellular chitinase production by Trichoderma harzianum in batch mode
TL;DR: The self-directing optimization or the rotating simplex method of optimization was employed to determine the best suitable combination of parameters, pH (controlled), aeration rate and agitation rate for maximal production of chitinase by Trichoderma harzianum in batch culture.
About: This article is published in Process Biochemistry.The article was published on 1999-09-01. It has received 47 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Trichoderma harzianum.
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TL;DR: Chitinase fermentations with strain Paenibacillus sp.
34 citations
TL;DR: It was found that for carrageenase production by P. elongata, biomass played an important role as compared to pH, while for biomass, 2F1 model was found to be fit after performing power transformation.
33 citations
TL;DR: Evaluated Trichoderma strains under solid stated fermentation and the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity found T. polysporum was found as the most promising strain to produce chitosanase with maximal enzyme activity of about 1.4 IU/gds, followed by T. viride and T. harzianum.
Abstract: Trichoderma strains were extensively studied as biocontrol agents due to their ability of producing hydrolytic enzymes, which are considered key enzymes because they attack the insect exoskeleton allowing the fungi infection. The present work aimed to evaluate the ability of chitosanase production by four Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. viride and T. polysporum) under solid stated fermentation and to evaluate the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity. pH strongly affected the enzyme activity from all tested strains. Chitosanase from T. harzianum and T. viride presented optimum activity at pH 5.0 and chitosanase from T. koningii and T. polysporum presented optimum activity at pH 5.5. Temperature in the range of 40–50°C did not affect enzyme activity. T. polysporum was found as the most promising strain to produce chitosanase with maximal enzyme activity of about 1.4 IU/gds, followed by T. viride (~1.2 IU/gds) and T. harzianum (1.06 IU/gds).
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an entomopathogenic fungus, Trichoderma koningii sp., was used to produce chitosanase under solid-state fermentation using a mixture of wheat bran and chitosa, with the addition of 2.5 mL of moistening water and culture medium composition.
Abstract: This study aimed at the optimization of the production of chitosanase in solid culture. Trichoderma koningii sp., an entomopathogenic fungus, was used to produce chitosanase under solid-state fermentation using a mixture of wheat bran and chitosan. The incubation period; addition of moistening water and culture medium composition were optimized. The protocol to extract the enzyme was also optimized. The optimal conditions for chitosanase production by T. koningii were obtained using a mixture of 3.0 g of wheat bran and 1.5 g of chitosan, with the addition of 2.5 mL of moistening water (pH 5.5) and of 2.5 mL of saline solution (pH 5.5) containing NaNO3 (1.0 g/L), (NH4)2HPO4 (1.0 g/L), MgSO4.7H2O (1.0 g/L), and NaCl (1.0 g/L). Optimal enzyme extraction was carried out adding 20 mL of sodium acetate buffer (200 mM, pH 5.5) at 30 °C under orbital agitation at 150 rpm for 6 min. The optimized production yielded 4.84 IU/gds.
27 citations
Cites background from "Self-directing optimization of para..."
...Several studies on the production Trichoderma chitinase have been published (Deane et al. 1999; Felse and Panda 1999; Felse and Panda 2000; Nampoothiri et al. 2004; Donzelli et al. 2005), and most studies are related to Trichoderma harzianum....
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TL;DR: The modified rotating simplex method has been successfully used to determine the best combination of agitation rate and aeration rate for maximum production of extracellular proteases by Staphylococcus aureus mutant RC128, in a stirred tank bioreactor operated in a discontinuous way.
Abstract: The modified rotating simplex method has been successfully used to determine the best combination of agitation rate and aeration rate for maximum production of extracellular proteases by Staphylococcus aureus mutant RC128, in a stirred tank bioreactor operated in a discontinuous way. This mutant has shown altered exoprotein production, specially enhanced protease production. Maximum production of proteases (15.28 UP/ml), measured using azocasein as a substrate, was obtained at exponential growth phase when the bioreactor was operated at 300 rpm and at 2 vvm with a volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (K
L
a) of 175.75 h−1. These conditions were found to be more suitable for protease production.
27 citations
Cites methods from "Self-directing optimization of para..."
...This method has been successfully used for chemical systems, but in the past years it has been applied to biosystems, specially those with bioreactors where the experiment cannot be performed in groups [4, 6] The most important advantages of the simplex method are simplicity, efficiency and sequential character, which means that a new trial is determined by the result of the latest trial [1]....
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References
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TL;DR: Serratia marcescens was found to be the most active organism of 100 tested for the production of chitinase and Enterobacter liquefaciens produced nearly as much enzyme.
Abstract: Serratia marcescens was found to be the most active organism of 100 tested for the production of chitinase. Enterobacter liquefaciens produced nearly as much enzyme. Under optimal conditions high y...
532 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Isolates of T. harzianum were found to differ in the levels of hydrolytic enzymes produced when mycelium of S. rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium aphanidermatum in soil was attacked, correlated with the ability of each of the Trichoderma isolates to control the respective soilborne pathogens.
494 citations
TL;DR: Trichoderma harzianum excreted β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase into the medium when grown on laminarin and Chitin, respectively, or on cell walls of the pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Trichoderma harzianum excreted β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase into the medium when grown on laminarin and chitin, respectively, or on cell walls of the pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, as sole carbon s...
479 citations
TL;DR: Chitinase induction in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism, but there is some circumstantial evidence to suggest a morphogenetic role despite the apparent absence of the substrate in plant cells.
Abstract: There has been a considerable amount of recent research aimed at elucidating the roles of chitinase in fungi and plants. In filamentous fungi and yeasts, chitinase is involved integrally in cell wall morphogenesis. Chitinase is also involved in the early events of host-parasite interactions of biotrophic and necrotrophic mycoparasites, entomopathogenic fungi and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In plants, induction of chitinase and other hydrolytic enzymes is one of a coordinated, often complex and multifaceted defense mechanism triggered in response to phytopathogen attack. Chitinase induction in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism. Plant chitinases can be induced by various abiotic factors as well and there is some circumstantial evidence to suggest a morphogenetic role despite the apparent absence of the substrate in plant cells. Finally, some chitinases and other chitin-binding proteins including some plant lectins share chitin-binding domains as part of their molecular structure and provide fuel for the so-called ‘lectin-chitinase’ debate and speculation for the origin of chitinase in plants.
390 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that Serratia marcescens QMB1466 is suitable for use in the proposed bioconversion of shellfish chitin wastes to single-cell protein of value in animal or aquaculture feed formulations or to other products.
Abstract: A process was conceptualized for bioconversion of shellfish chitin wastes to single-cell protein of value in animal or aquaculture feed formulations or to other products. An extracellular chitinase enzyme system obtained by a submerged culture of microorganisms is contacted with the chitin waste, hydrolyzing it to smaller sugar units. The hydrolysate is converted to a marketable product. Experimental results indicate that Serratia marcescens QMB1466 is suitable for use in the proposed process. Hydrolysis of various chitinous waste preparations shows the culture filtrate to be effective in decomposing the substrate. For crude preparations, hydrolysis slows after approximately 40 hr. Colloidal chitin is almost completely dissolved after 60 hr.
81 citations