Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
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Cites background or result from "Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Cont..."
...As for autonomy, Bandura (1989) stated that autonomy would be evident only if “humans serve as entirely independent agents of their own actions” (p....
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...Social-learning theories, of which Bandura’s (1996) self-efficacy theory is currently the most popular, are examples of the so-called standard social science model (e.g., Tooby & Cosmides, 1992), for they view people’s behavioral repertoires and self-concepts as being largely acquired from the social world.Self-efficacy theory has focused specifically on the extent to which people feel capable of engaging in behaviors that will lead to desired outcomes (Bandura, 1977). Given their capacity to alter their environment, establish incentives, and create cognitive self-inducements, people can, Bandura (1989) argued, motivate themselves and be agentic....
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...As for autonomy, Bandura (1989) stated that autonomy would be evident only if “humans serve as entirely independent agents of their own actions” (p. 1175), a characterization that allowed him to dismiss the concept out of hand. Clearly, this characterization bears no relation to the concept of autonomy contained in SDT and is inconsistent with the way the concept is treated by modern philosophers (e.g., Dworkin, 1988; Ricoeur, 1966). By using this characterization, self-efficacy theory has avoided dealing with the important human issue of autonomy. By contrast, other perceived control theories addressed the concept of autonomy and acknowledged that it cannot be reduced to perceived control (e.g., Little, Hawley, Henrich, & Marsland, in press; E. A. Skinner, 1995). In terms of our three needs, self-efficacy theory is concerned almost exclusively with competence, but the theory explicitly shuns White’s (1959) postulate of an innate effectance motivation....
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...Although many empirically based theories treat motivation as a unitary concept, variable only in amount rather than kind (e.g., Bandura, 1996; Locke & Latham, 1990), our approach focuses on the kind of motivation or regulation—specifically, the degree to which it is self-determined versus…...
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...Social-learning theories, of which Bandura’s (1996) self-efficacy theory is currently the most popular, are examples of the so-called standard social science model (e....
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Cites background from "Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Cont..."
...Recently, analyses of control over external events have been complemented by analyses of control over internal psychological processes such as thoughts and emotions (Bandura, 1997; Logan & Cowan, 1984; Wegner & Pennebaker, 1993)....
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...Much of the research inspired by this perspective has focused on perceptions of environmental control (Rothbaum et al., 1982; Seligman, 1975); perceived coping efficacy now is known to affect a wide range of outcomes, including anxiety and depression (for a review, see Bandura, 1997)....
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...Personality psychologists have described the evaluations individuals make regarding their capacity to manage the perceived situation (e.g., Bandura, 1997; Folkman & Lazarus, 1988)....
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