Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
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Additional excerpts
...Three such attitudinal constructs are locus of control (Bar-Tal & Bar-Zohar, 1977; Kren, 1992; Reimanis, 1970; Rotter, 1992; Spector, 1982), self-efficacy (Ames, 1984; Bandura, 1977, 1986; Gist, 1988), and valence (Vroom, 1964)....
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...Three such attitudinal constructs are locus of control (Bar-Tal & Bar-Zohar, 1977; Kren, 1992; Reimanis, 1970; Rotter, 1992; Spector, 1982), self-efficacy (Ames, 1984; Bandura, 1977, 1986; Gist, 1988), and valence (Vroom, 1964)....
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2,757 citations
Cites background from "Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..."
...The term “self-efficacy expectation” proposed by Bandura (1977) became most popular, but has the disadvantage of being easily misunderstood as implying the overall agency of an individual, including his or her efficacy to produce outcomes, instead of simply denoting appraisals of being able to produce an action....
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...The term “self-efficacy expectation” proposed by Bandura (1977) became most popular, but has the disadvantage of being easily misunderstood as implying the overall agency of an individual, including his or her efficacy to produce outcomes, instead of simply denoting appraisals of being able to…...
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2,740 citations
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Cites background or methods from "Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..."
...For Bandura (1977), the situation-based self-efficacy thoughts are the temporally final and most important cognitive step prior to beginning the particular goal-directed action (see Table 2); in hope theory, however, both agency and pathways thoughts are emphasized prior to and throughout the goal…...
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...Although a trait self-efficacy measure has been developed, according to Bandura (1977), the self-efficacy thinking must always be based on situation-specific goals.6 Hope theory also emphasizes goals, but they may be enduring, cross-situational, situational goal-directed thoughts, or all three....
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...Self-Efficacy—Bandura For self-efficacy thinking to become activated, Bandura (1977, 1982, 1997) posited that a fairly important goal-related outcome must be involved....
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References
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"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..." refers background in this paper
...In seeking a motivational explanation of exploratory and manipulative behavior, White (1959) postulated an "effectance motive," which is conceptualized as an intrinsic drive for transactions with the environment ....
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