Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
TL;DR: An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.
Abstract: The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The authors distinguishes between teacher efficacy and teacher self-efficacy beliefs and describes a need for theory and research-based measures of teachers' selfefficacy belief that are grounded in the context of the classroom.
408 citations
TL;DR: A conceptual model for analyzing customers' perceptions of using mobile commerce services for online shopping demonstrates that anxiety, which is an affective barrier against using innovative systems, is a key negative predictor of a customer's intentions to use mobile phones.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore a conceptual model for analyzing customers' perceptions of using mobile commerce services for online shopping. This paper provides insights into consumer behavior, and the results have important implications for designers, managers, marketers, and system providers of mobile shopping (m‐shopping) web sites.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical investigation was carried out to test the hypotheses. The samples include 369 professional participants. For testing the relationships of the model, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used.Findings – The results demonstrate that anxiety, which is an affective barrier against using innovative systems, is a key negative predictor of a customer's intentions to use mobile phones. Also, the consumer's self‐perception of mobile skillfulness significantly affects anxiety, enjoyment, and usefulness. Furthermore, enjoyment, usefulness, and compatibility have an impact on a customer's behavioral intentions.Practical imp...
406 citations
Cites background from "Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..."
...Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory (SCT) defines anxiety as the tendency of individual to be technophobic or apprehensive about innovative technology (Huang and Liaw, 2005)....
[...]
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored college students' perceptions of their adoption, use, and acceptance of emergency online learning and found that participants preferred face-to-face learning over online learning.
Abstract: Due to COVID-19, higher education institutions transitioned to online learning. This study explored college students’ perceptions of their adoption, use, and acceptance of emergency online learning. The factors analyzed were attitude, affect, and motivation; perceived behavioral control (ease of use of technology, self-efficacy, and accessibility), and cognitive engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 270 students. The findings present how attitude, motivation, self-efficacy, and use of technology play a significant role in the cognitive engagement and academic performance of students. Also, participants preferred face-to-face learning over online learning. This study presents suggestions on how to improve the acceptance of emergency online learning.
406 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a measure of perceived physical self-efficacy based on the perceived physical ability factor and the perceived self-presentation confidence factor and found that subjects with positive perceptions of their physical competence outperformed subjects with poorer self-regard in this sphere on three tasks involving the use of physical skills.
Abstract: Theory development in the area of. perceived physical self-efficacy has been impeded by a lack of psychometrically sound instruments to measure physical self-concept. Six studies were conducted as part of a research program designed to remedy this deficiency by creating an individual-difference measure of physical self-efficacy with adequate psychometric properties. In the first study, data from a large pool of items that had been administered to undergraduates were factor analyzed, and two underlying dimensions within a global measure of physical self-efficacy were identified: a Perceived Physical Ability factor and a Physical Self-Presentation Confidence factor. The second study was aimed at the establishment of the stability of these two subscales and the total scale, Test-retest and alpha coefficients were found to be highly satisfactory. The remaining four studies were concerned with determining the construct validity of the scales. In line with theoretical expectations, subjects who perceived themselves as having excellent physical skills had higher self-esteem, an internal locus of control, a lack of social anxiety and self-consciousness, and a tendency to engage in adventurous physical activities as well as disinhibiting sexual experiences. It was also found that subjects with positive perceptions of their physical competence outperformed subjects with poorer self-regard in this sphere on three tasks involving the use of physical skills. Finally, potential uses for the scale in medical, physical education, and clinical settings are discussed.
406 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify categories of application made possible by current knowledge and technology (e.g., use of hidden supports, selectively editing low-frequency behaviors) for self-modeling interventions.
Abstract: About 150 studies exist in print, examining the use of self modeling (mostly in the video medium) in a variety of training and therapeutic applications. Evidently, two lines of thoughts have driven the development of these applications: (a) an extension of peer modeling or (b) a description of personal success. Studies report self-modeling interventions for physical skills (rehabilitation, sports), academic and vocational issues, communication, and personal and social adjustment. A wide range of ages (toddler to grandparent) and diverse developmental conditions have been addressed. The most fruitful applications may be those that emphasize the image of future success —skills not previously attained and adaptive responses to a challenging context. Rather than examine efficacy related to target “problems,” this review identifies categories of application made possible by current knowledge and technology (e.g., use of hidden supports, selectively editing low-frequency behaviors). Seven such categories are identified and illustrated with descriptions of interventions. The evidence is used to argue for the recognition of learning from the observation of one's own successful or adaptive behavior (or images of it) as a mechanism in its own right.
406 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Abstract: The effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it. Acquisition and performance differ in situations perceived as determined by skill versus chance. Persons may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. This report summarizes several experiments which define group differences in behavior when Ss perceive reinforcement as contingent on their behavior versus chance or experimenter control. The report also describes the development of tests of individual differences in a generalized belief in internal-external control and provides reliability, discriminant validity and normative data for 1 test, along with a description of the results of several studies of construct validity.
21,451 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Abstract: Una exploracion de los avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, y autoregulatorios.
20,904 citations
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
6,452 citations
"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..." refers background in this paper
...In seeking a motivational explanation of exploratory and manipulative behavior, White (1959) postulated an "effectance motive," which is conceptualized as an intrinsic drive for transactions with the environment ....
[...]
Book•
22 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Abstract: No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
5,245 citations
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449). Since we are aware of a variety of feeling and emotion states, it should follow from James' proposition that the various emotions will be accompanied by a variety of differentiable bodily states. Following James' pronouncement, a formidable number of studies were undertaken in search of the physiological differentiators of the emotions. The results, in these early days, were almost uniformly negative. All of the emotional states experi-
4,808 citations