Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
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TLDR
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
Citations
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Distress tolerance as a predictor of early treatment dropout in a residential substance abuse treatment facility
Stacey B. Daughters,Carl W. Lejuez,Marina A. Bornovalova,Christopher W. Kahler,David R. Strong,Richard A. Brown +5 more
TL;DR: In a sample of 122 individuals entering a residential substance abuse treatment facility, level of psychological distress tolerance was predictive of early treatment dropout above and beyond relevant self-report variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of gender and age on new technology implementation in a developing country: Testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB)
TL;DR: The TPB model performs well in Saudi Arabia, and this validation accounts for 37 percent of the variance in behavioral intention among Saudi knowledge workers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anxiety and Mathematics: An Update.
Sheila Tobias,Carol Weissbrod +1 more
TL;DR: Tobias and Weissbrod as mentioned in this paper argue that proper techniques can be effective in reversing female under-achievement in mathematics and that further research will indicate comparable techniques to prevent math avoidance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social action theory for a public health psychology.
TL;DR: A social action view emphasizes social interdependence and interaction in personal control of health-endangering behavior and proposes mechanisms by which environmental structures influence cognitive action schemas, self-goals, and problem-solving activities critical to sustained behavioral change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Care for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.
Barbara Riegel,Debra K. Moser,Harleah G. Buck,Victoria Vaughan Dickson,Sandra B. Dunbar,Christopher S. Lee,Terry A. Lennie,JoAnn Lindenfeld,Judith E. Mitchell,Diane Treat-Jacobson,David E. Webber +10 more
TL;DR: There is strong evidence that self‐care is effective in achieving the goals of the treatment plan and cannot be ignored, and greater emphasis should be placed on self-care in evidence‐based guidelines.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
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Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.