Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
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...A possible causal interpretation is that low teacher self-efficacy may result in feelings of burnout (Bandura, 1997; Evers et al., 2002; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2007). For instance, Skaalvik and Skaalvik (2007) argued that low expectation of classroom management increases occupational stress, which may increase emotional exhaustion as well as depersonalization....
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...Self-efficacy is grounded in the theoretical framework of social cognitive theory emphasizing the evolvement and exercise of human agency e that people can exercise some influence over what they do (Bandura, 2006a). Bandura (2006a) maintains that in this conception, people are self-organizing, proactive, selfregulating, and self-reflecting....
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...For instance, if a student concludes that a bad grade means that he cannot cut it in math, the student may not invest the time and effort needed to improve his Social-Psychological Interventions in Education math grades (Bandura, 1977)....
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...Feeling efficacious is a general human need to feel capable in specific areas (Bandura, 1977)....
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...25, 439–459 (2004) Feeling efficacious is a general human need to feel capable in specific areas (Bandura, 1977)....
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1,075 citations
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...Additionally, in the presence of cumulative risk or adversity, good parentingself (Bandura, 1977, 1986; White, 1959; see Masten & Coatsworth 1995)....
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"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying th..." refers background in this paper
...In seeking a motivational explanation of exploratory and manipulative behavior, White (1959) postulated an "effectance motive," which is conceptualized as an intrinsic drive for transactions with the environment ....
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