Journal ArticleDOI
Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
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An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.Abstract:
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.read more
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Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales
A Bandura,Albert Bandura +1 more
TL;DR: The notion of perceived self-efficacy is concerned with people's beliefs in their capabilities to produce given attainments (Bandura, 1997). One cannot be all things, which would require mastery of every realm of human life as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure
TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of teacher efficacy are examined to bring coherence to the construct and its measurement, and new directions for research in light of the proposed model are proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior
TL;DR: Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time flies when you're having fun: cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage 1
Ritu Agarwal,Elena Karahanna +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the individual traits of playfulness and personal innovativeness are important determinants of cognitive absorption, and operational measures for each dimension of this multi-dimensional construct are developed.
Reference EntryDOI
The Bioecological Model of Human Development
TL;DR: This chapter presents the ecological model of human development that has been introduced in a prior edition of this Handbook, and defines the defining properties of the model, which involves four principal components, and the dynamic, interactive relationships among them.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social learning theory
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
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Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
TL;DR: The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that "the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion" (p. 449) as mentioned in this paper.