Sensation seeking, risky driving and behavioral adaptation.
TL;DR: Results indicated that high SS's were significantly more likely than low SS's to speed, not wear belts, drink frequently, drive after drinking, perceive a low risk of detection for impaired driving, and perceive that they could drink more beer before being impaired.
About: This article is published in Accident Analysis & Prevention.The article was published on 2001-09-01. It has received 339 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sensation seeking & Aggressive driving.
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TL;DR: Policy makers need to recognise this growing problem as a public health crisis and design appropriate policy responses to respond to this epidemic at national and international levels.
Abstract: Road traffic injuries are a major cause of death and disability globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. 1 2 Road traffic injuries are currently ranked ninth globally among the leading causes of disability adjusted life years lost, and the ranking is projected to rise to third by 2020.1 In 1998, developing countries accounted for more than 85% of all deaths due to road traffic crashes globally and for 96% of all children killed.2 Moreover, about 90% of the disability adjusted life years lost worldwide due to road traffic injuries occur in developing countries.1 The problem is increasing at a fast rate in developing countries due to rapid motorisation and other factors (fig 1).3 However, public policy responses to this epidemic have been muted at national and international levels. Policy makers need to recognise this growing problem as a public health crisis and design appropriate policy responses.
#### Summary points
Injury and deaths due to road traffic crashes are a major public health problem in developing countries
More than 85% of all deaths and 90% of disability adjusted life years lost from road traffic injuries occur in developing countries
Among children aged 0-4 and 5-14 years, the number of fatalities per 100 000 population in low income countries was about six times greater than in high income countries in 1998
The highest burden of injuries and fatalities is borne disproportionately by poor people in developing countries, as pedestrians, passengers of buses and minibuses, and cyclists
Fig 1
Trends in fatalities due to road traffic injuries for different regions of the world, 1980-95. Data from Transport Research Laboratory3
Road traffic injuries in developing countries particularly affect the productive (working) age group (15-44 years) and children. (A developing country is defined as a country that has an annual per …
756 citations
TL;DR: It now appears that feelings of risk may inform driver decision making, as Taylor originally suggested, but not in terms of risk of collision, but rather in termsOf task difficulty, which clearly distinguishes task difficulty from estimates of statistical risk.
736 citations
Cites background from "Sensation seeking, risky driving an..."
...They are also more likely o report an intention to compensate for active safety interentions such as ABS by driving faster (Jonah et al., 2001). inally in this context it should be recognized that some rivers may elect for a high task difficulty in order to induce related arousal boost: the…...
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Book•
15 Dec 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive view of the role of sensation seeking in a wide range of behaviors, from risky driving and sports through substance use, sex, and crime or other antisocial behaviors is presented.
Abstract: Risky behavior can be an expression of a normal, genetically influenced personality trait, sensation seeking. Its expression in risky behaviors such as extreme and risky sports, vocations, substance abuse, unsafe sex, and crime, among others, is the topic of this fascinating and accessible book. In "Sensation Seeking and Risky Behavior", Marvin Zuckerman offers a comprehensive view of the role of sensation seeking in a wide range of behaviors, from risky driving and sports through substance use, sex, and crime or other antisocial behaviors. How the personality trait sensation seeking relates to these risky behaviors is described and explained in terms of genetics, biology, attitudes, and expectancies. Insights into prevention and treatment of maladaptive forms of sensation seeking, like substance abuse and unsaf sexual activity, based on the published research, are offered.
695 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed a priori acceptability, attitudes, personality traits and intention to use a fully automated vehicle, including the ability to master longitudinal control, lateral control and maneuvers.
Abstract: If previous research studied acceptability of partially or highly automated driving, few of them focused on fully automated driving (FAD), including the ability to master longitudinal control, lateral control and maneuvers. The present study analyzes a priori acceptability, attitudes, personality traits and intention to use a fully automated vehicle. 421 French drivers (153 males, M = 40.2 years, age range 19-73) answered an online questionnaire. 68.1% Of the sample a priori accepted FAD. Predictors of intention to use a fully automated car (R2 =.671) were mainly attitudes, contextual acceptability and interest in impaired driving (i.e. the two components of FAD acceptability), followed by driving related sensation seeking, finally gender. FAD preferred use cases were on highways, in traffic congestion and for automatic parking. Furthermore, some drivers reported interest in impaired driving misuses, despite awareness of their responsibility for both the vehicle and the driving. These results are discussed regarding previous knowledge about acceptability of advanced driving assistance systems and consequences for the use of fully automated cars.
521 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors surveyed almost 1000 participants on their perceptions, particularly with regards to safety and acceptance of autonomous vehicles, and found that autonomous cars were perceived as a "somewhat low risk" form of transport and, while concerns existed, there was little opposition to the prospect of their use on public roads.
437 citations
Cites background from "Sensation seeking, risky driving an..."
...personality-related risky driving behaviours is further emphasised by studies on driver assistance technology such as anti-lock braking systems (Jonah et al., 2001) and adaptive cruise control (RudinBrown and Parker, 2004)....
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...The problem of personality-related risky driving behaviours is further emphasised by studies on driver assistance technology such as anti-lock braking systems (Jonah et al., 2001) and adaptive cruise control (RudinBrown and Parker, 2004)....
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References
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TL;DR: The development of a Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) designed to quantify the construct: “optimal stimulation level” is reported, using the construct as a guide.
Abstract: This article reports the development of a Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) designed to quantify the construct: “optimal stimulation level.” Items were written, using the construct as a guide, and given to undergraduates. The items were factor analyzed. A general factor was found and the item-factor cor
983 citations
TL;DR: The literature on sensation seeking as a direct influencer of risky driving and its consequences and as a moderator of the influence of other factors is reviewed and the implications for collision prevention measures are discussed.
800 citations
TL;DR: In this study the existence of accidentprone drivers has been demonstrated in the records of accidents from a bus company extending over a period of 6 years and because of their high accident rate their importance in contributing accidents far exceeds their numbers.
Abstract: In this study the existence of accidentprone drivers has been demonstrated in the records of accidents from a bus company extending over a period of 6 years. The frequency of appearance of the same individual in the high accident group in multiple years has been noted. It has been shown that because of their high accident rate their importance in contributing accidents far exceeds their numbers. In other words, a few drivers account for a disproportionate number of accidents year after year. A group of high and low accident drivers in a taxi firm have been interviewed and the differences in the personality and background of the 2 groups have been noted. It has been demonstrated that the high accident taxi driver most frequently comes from a home marked by parental divorce and instability. During childhood his life is marked by evidence of instability and disrespect for organized authority. As a result he has often encountered difficulty with the school authority and frequently has been before the Juvenile...
248 citations
01 Mar 1997
TL;DR: In this article, three papers on aggressive driving are presented: "Aggressive Driving", by Louis Mizell, "Road Rage", by Matthew Joint, and "Driver Aggression", by Dominic Connell and Matthew Joint.
Abstract: This publication contains three papers on aggressive driving: "Aggressive Driving", by Louis Mizell; "Road Rage", by Matthew Joint; and "Driver Aggression", by Dominic Connell and Matthew Joint. The topics covered in the papers include: reasons violent traffic disputes occur; weapons used by aggressive drivers, the role of domestic violence; the role of hate and racism; aggressive drivers and crowds; children as victims; vehicles of mass destruction; advice for motorists; stress reduction; what causes "road rage"; how to avoid succumbing to road rage; driving and aggressive emotion; psychological mechanisms of aggression and rage; environmental influences on aggression; and "cures" for road rage.
82 citations
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the role of social, psychological and behavioral factors in risky driving and crash involvement among young drivers was examined and two longitudinal studies were used to illustrate differences in a series of lifestyle-related variables between young drivers who become involved in a motor vehicle crash and report driving after drinking.
Abstract: This paper examines the role of social, psychological and behavioral factors--i.e., lifestyle--in risky driving and crash involvement among young drivers. Data from two longitudinal studies are used to illustrate differences in a series of lifestyle-related variables between young drivers who become involved in a motor vehicle crash and report driving after drinking.
19 citations