Sensors for the optical detection of cyanide ion
TL;DR: This tutorial review focuses on recent developments arising from studies of optical sensors for cyanide ions, which are categorized by approaches involving cyanide selective receptors, the utilization of metal coordinated complexes, and chemodosimeters.
Abstract: This tutorial review focuses on recent developments arising from studies of optical sensors for cyanide ions, which are categorized by approaches involving cyanide selective receptors, the utilization of metal coordinated complexes, and chemodosimeters.
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TL;DR: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
Abstract: Yuming Yang,†,§ Qiang Zhao,‡,§ Wei Feng,† and Fuyou Li*,† †Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China ‡Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
1,999 citations
TL;DR: This review systematically introduces the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years.
Abstract: Because of the high catalytic activities and substrate specificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsic shortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties of recycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity in 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emerging in the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic catalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages such as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of the possible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel and high-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities of nanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematically introduce the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes as well as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and the development of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.
1,549 citations
TL;DR: This critical review focuses on the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for thiols according to their unique mechanisms between sensors andThiols, including Michael addition, cyclization with aldehyde, cleavage of sulfonamide and sulfonate ester by thiol s, and metal complexes-oxidation-reduction,Metal complexes-displace coordination, nano-particles and others.
Abstract: Due to the biological importances of thiols, such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, the development of optical probes for thiols has been an active research area in recent few years. This critical review focuses on the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for thiols according to their unique mechanisms between sensors and thiols, including Michael addition, cyclization with aldehyde, cleavage of sulfonamide and sulfonate ester by thiols, cleavage of selenium–nitrogen bond by thiols, cleavage of disulfide by thiols, metal complexes-oxidation–reduction, metal complexes-displace coordination, nano-particles and others (110 references).
1,395 citations
TL;DR: This critical review focuses on the development of anion sensors, being either fluorescent and/or colorimetric, based on the use of the 1,8-naphthalimide structure; a highly versatile building unit that absorbs and emits at long wavelengths.
Abstract: This critical review focuses on the development of anion sensors, being either fluorescent and/or colorimetric, based on the use of the 1,8-naphthalimide structure; a highly versatile building unit that absorbs and emits at long wavelengths. The review commences with a short description of the most commonly used design principles employed in chemosensors, followed by a discussion on the photophysical properties of the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide structure which has been most commonly employed in both cation and anion sensing to date. This is followed by a review of the current state of the art in naphthalimide-based anion sensing, where systems using ureas, thioureas and amides as hydrogen-bonding receptors, as well as charged receptors have been used for anion sensing in both organic and aqueous solutions, or within various polymeric networks, such as hydrogels. The review concludes with some current and future perspectives including the use of the naphthalimides for sensing small biomolecules, such as amino acids, as well as probes for incorporation and binding to proteins; and for the recognition/sensing of polyanions such as DNA, and their potential use as novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents (95 references).
1,059 citations
TL;DR: This critical review is focused on examples reported from 1947 to 2010 related to the design of chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for explosives.
Abstract: This critical review is focused on examples reported from 1947 to 2010 related to the design of chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for explosives (141 references).
953 citations
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2,820 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review article focuses primarily on the work carried in our laboratories over the last few years using luminescent and colorimetric sensors, where the anion recognition occurs through hydrogen bonding in organic or aqueous solvents.
1,165 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare as discussed by the authors is a volume of the Textbook of Military Medicine series with the focus of the information being to foster discussion that may form the basis of doctrine and policy.
Abstract: : This volume was prepared for military medical educational use The focus of the information is to foster discussion that may form the basis of doctrine and policy Until this decade, our military forces had not faced chemical and biological weapons since World War I, and the prevailing attitude has been "out of sight, out of mind" The Persian Gulf War changed all that Just the threat that such weapons would be used was itself an effective weapon, as it required us to expend tremendous logistical resources to supply our troops in the desert Now we know that we must master all relevant aspects of defense against chemical and biological warfare The Biological Weapons Convention, ratified in 1975, did not slow the massive Soviet program, which continued until early 1992, nor did it prevent the buildup in Iraq between 1985 and 1990 At this time, experts are severely questioning whether verification of compliance with the treaty can be certain Similar concerns delayed ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention by the US Senate; nevertheless, the senate ratified the treaty on 24 April 1997 A primary value of the Textbook of Military Medicine series is to preserve the lessons of past wars and, by so doing, demonstrate how current doctrine is built on knowledge that was gained at so high a cost Medical officers should read this volume, Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, and learn its lessons well Civilians expect that we in the military will know how to manage chemical and biological casualties Indeed, if we do not, then who will? The nation expects us to be prepared to defend against all attacks and will be unforgiving of any incapacity on our part
808 citations
TL;DR: This tutorial review covers imidazolium receptors for anion recognition according to their topological and structural classification, and includes benzene tripodal, cyclophane and calix-imidazolate, ferrocenyl imidzolium, cavitand and Calixarene, and polymeric imidAZolium systems.
Abstract: This tutorial review covers imidazolium receptors for anion recognition according to their topological and structural classification, and includes benzene tripodal, cyclophane and calix-imidazolium, fluorescent imidazolium, ferrocenyl imidazolium, cavitand and calixarene, and polymeric imidazolium systems.
748 citations
TL;DR: The structural chemistry of isophthalamide anion complexes, ortho-phenylenediamine based bis-ureas, and amidopyrroles, as well as anion-triggered deprotonation processes in neutral anion receptor systems, are discussed.
Abstract: Acyclic molecules containing amides, ureas, and pyrrole groups have proven to be effective and selective anion-binding agents. In this Account, the structural chemistry of isophthalamide anion complexes, ortho-phenylenediamine based bis-ureas, and amidopyrroles, as well as anion-triggered deprotonation processes in neutral anion receptor systems, are discussed.
640 citations