Sensory Data Gathering for Road Traffic Monitoring: Energy Efficiency, Reliability, and Fault Tolerance
01 Jan 2015-pp 89-112
TL;DR: In this Chapter, a novel tree-based data gathering scheme has been proposed, exploiting the strip-like structure of the road network, and an efficient scheduling mechanism is implemented to assure both the coverage and the critical power savings of the sensor nodes.
Abstract: Vehicular traffic monitoring and control using through road sensor network is challenging due to a continuous data streaming over the resource constrained sensor devices. The delay sensitivity and reliability of the large volume of application data as well as the scarcity of sensor resources demand efficient designing of data collection protocol. In this Chapter, a novel tree-based data gathering scheme has been proposed, exploiting the strip-like structure of the road network. An efficient scheduling mechanism is implemented to assure both the coverage and the critical power savings of the sensor nodes. The network connectivity is guaranteed throughout by the proposed tree maintenance module that handles the dynamics of the network as a result of sensor node joining and leaving events. An application message controller has been designed that works cooperatively with the tree management module, and handles continuous streaming of the application data to ensure no loss or redundancy in data delivery. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using the simulation results and compared with other approaches for large data collection in sensor network.
Citations
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16 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an efficient traffic monitoring system, which can detect the vehicle flow on the roads in real time, which has three made components including evaluating vehicle density that is based on background subtraction procedures.
Abstract: Traffic analysis true video monitoring is quite a complex job. The reason for the same include different appearances, light changes, and variation in speeds. This paper proposed an efficient traffic monitoring system, which can detect the vehicle flow on the roads in real time. This system has three made components including evaluating vehicle density that is based on background subtraction procedures. the second component evaluate the speed of the traffic flow using optical flow mechanism first up the third component includes evaluating the number of vehicles using improved differential approach. From the fundamental information extracted, our system can predict events such as high traffic zones, vehicles over speeding and many more. The simulation is conducted by using the traffic data set derived from Kaggle.
References
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28 Mar 2011
TL;DR: A new topology construction algorithm called A3Cov is introduced, based on the A3 protocol, which increases the coverage ratio considerably compared to the original version and is evaluated jointly with four topology maintenance techniques to determine the influence of the different maintenance schemes on the area coverage and the network lifetime.
Abstract: Topology control is a well-known strategy to save energy and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. It consists of topology construction and topology maintenance algorithms. While topology construction builds a reduced topology, topology maintenance changes the reduced topology when the current one is no longer optimal. The selection of an appropriate topology maintenance technique is rarely included in the evaluation of topology control solutions, even though the impact of such decision in the lifetime of the network (in terms of number of nodes or coverage) has been shown before. This paper makes two important contributions. First, it introduces a new topology construction algorithm called A3Cov, based on the A3 protocol, which increases the coverage ratio considerably compared to the original version. Second, the A3Cov protocol is evaluated jointly with four topology maintenance techniques to determine the influence of the different maintenance schemes on the area coverage and the network lifetime. The results show that the dynamic global topology maintenance techniques with A3Cov provide the best coverage and network lifetime for a substantially longer period of time compared to the ACOS protocol.
25 citations
13 Apr 2008
TL;DR: This paper introduces an autonomous passive localization scheme, called APL, inspired by the fact that vehicles move along routes with a known map, and shows that the scheme is effective in a road network with eighteen intersections, where it found no location matching error.
Abstract: In road networks, sensors are deployed sparsely (hundreds of meters apart) to save costs. This makes the existing localization solutions based on the ranging be ineffective. To address this issue, this paper introduces an autonomous passive localization scheme, called APL. Our work is inspired by the fact that vehicles move along routes with a known map. Using binary vehicle-detection timestamps, we can obtain distance estimates between any pair of sensors on roadways to construct a virtual graph composed of sensor identifications (i.e., vertices) and distance estimates (i.e., edges). The virtual graph is then matched with the topology of road map, in order to identify where sensors are located in roadways. We evaluate our design outdoor in Minnesota roadways and show that our distance estimate method works well despite of traffic noises. In addition, we show that our localization scheme is effective in a road network with eighteen intersections, where we found no location matching error, even with a maximum sensor time synchronization error of 0.3 sec and the vehicle speed deviation of 10 km/h.
25 citations
17 Jun 2010
TL;DR: This article surveys the most popular and efficient topology control algorithms for wireless ad hoc sensor networks and deliberately restricts the set of nodes that are considered neighbours of a given node.
Abstract: In a densely deployed wireless sensor network, a single node has many neighbouring nodes with which direct communication would be possible when using sufficiently large transmission power. This is, however, not beneficial; high transmission power requires lots of energy, many neighbours are a burden for a MAC protocol, and routing protocols suffer from volatility in the network when nodes move around. To overcome these problem topology control can be applied. The idea is to deliberately restrict the set of nodes that are considered neighbours of a given node. This article surveys the most popular and efficient topology control algorithms for wireless ad hoc sensor networks.
25 citations
02 Oct 2012
TL;DR: Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional sampling and interpolation strategy, which propagates data in uncompressed format, by 5 dB in reconstruction quality and by 50% in communication complexity reduction for the same sampling rate.
Abstract: Vehicular sensor network (VSN) using vehicle-based sensors is an emerging technology that can provide an inexpensive solution for surveillance and urban monitoring applications. For the constantly moving vehicles, resulting in unpredictable network topology, data transmission in VSN is vulnerable to packet losses, thus deteriorating the surveillance quality. To resolve this problem, a cooperative data sampling and compression approach is proposed. Based on compressive sensing, this approach does not require inter-sensor communication and adopts sparse random projections to remove redundancy in spatially neighbouring measurements. It is experimentally shown that the proposed algorithm provides fairly accurate reconstruction of the field under surveillance, and incurs much less communication traffic load compared to conventional sampling strategies. Practical data sets, including the temperature distribution in Beijing and the global position system (GPS) tracking data of over 6000 taxis in the city, are used in our experiments to verify the reconstruction accuracy and energy efficiency of the scheme. Different vehicular mobility models are also employed to study the impact of movement behavior. Simulation results show that our proposed approach outperforms the conventional sampling and interpolation strategy, which propagates data in uncompressed format, by 5 dB in reconstruction quality and by 50% in communication complexity reduction for the same sampling rate.
20 citations
TL;DR: The issue of choosing a set of working actors for coordinating data transmission in a road sensor and actor network with minimum communication cost is studied and the sensor-actor coordination problem is formulated as an optimization problem.
Abstract: In recent years, wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have been extensively deployed to monitor physical environment and facilitate decision making based on data collected. Emerging applications such as road surveillance highlight some interesting research issues in WSANs, including coordination problems in sensor-actor or actor-actor communications. In this paper, the issue of choosing a set of working actors for coordinating data transmission in a road sensor and actor network with minimum communication cost is studied. A theoretical model is introduced to analyze the communication cost of data transmission in WSANs, and the sensor-actor coordination problem is formulated as an optimization problem. It is demonstrated that the problem can be divided into subproblems, and optimal solutions can be obtained by using a dynamic programming algorithm. A novel graph-based algorithm is also proposed with a communication-cost graph used to depict the cost of data transmission and a modified Dijkstra's algorithm to find optimal solutions in reduced time complexity. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is confirmed using extensive simulations.
20 citations