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Journal ArticleDOI

Sequential Histologic Alterations of Mouse Gastric Mucosa Following Long-Term Simulation of Betel Addiction

01 Jan 1990-Pharmaceutical Biology (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 5-16
TL;DR: The Histopathological Effect Of Chewing Of Betel Quid Without Tobacco Was Studied By Simulating 14 Different Chewing Habits Using The Mouse Glandular Stomach Mucosa As A Model Mammalian System to Find Out Whether These Changes Were Erosions and Regenerative Hyperplasia Of The Pyloric Glands.
Abstract: The Histopathological Effect Of Chewing Of Betel Quid Without Tobacco Was Studied By Simulating 14 Different Chewing Habits Using The Mouse Glandular Stomach Mucosa As A Model Mammalian System. Chronic Oral Administration For 8 To 10 Months Resulted In Marked Architectural Atypia In Animals Receiving Extracts Of Areca Catechu L. Red Nut, With Piper Betle L. Varieties and A Combination Of Nut, Leaf and Lime. The Initial Histologic Changes Were Erosions and Regenerative Hyperplasia Of The Pyloric Glands. After Atrophy and Erosion Of The Mucosa, Regenerative Glandular Hyperplasia Developed In Animals Receiving Lime Suspension While Marked Adenomatous Hyperplasia Exhibiting Excessive Glandular Proliferation, Often With Peripheral Growth Into The Stomach Cavity, With Few Cellular Atypism Developed In Animals Receiving Combinations Of P. Betle Var. Bangla, A. Catechu and Low Concentration Of Lime (B Bn Lmn) and A. Catechu With Low Concentration Of Lime (Cbn Lmn). High Dose Of Lime Together With P. Betle...
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Research and popular education on the deleterious effects of excessive tannin intake could do much to reduce the heavy burden of early mortality and health care, especially in developing countries.
Abstract: Tannins are increasingly recognized as dietary carcinogens and as anti-nutrients interfering with the system’s full use of protein. Nevertheless, certain tannin-rich beverages, masticatories, and folk remedies, long utilized in African, Asiatic, Pacific, and Latin American countries, are now appearing in North American sundry shops and grocery stores. These include guarane (Paullinia cupana HBK.) from Brazil, kola nut (Colanitida Schott &, Endl. and C. acuminata Schott &, Endl.) from West Africa, and betel nut (Areca catechu L.) from Malaya. The betel nut, or arecanut, has long been associated with oral and esophageal cancer because of its tannin content and the tannin contributed by the highly astringent cutch from Acacia catechu L. and Uncaria gambir Roxb. and the aromatic, astringent ‘pan’ (leaves of Piper betle L.) chewed with it. In addition to the constant recreational/social ingestion of these plant materials, they are much consumed as aphrodisiacs and medications. Guarane and kola nut enjoy great popularity in their native lands because they are also rich in caffeine, which serves as a stimulant. Research and popular education on the deleterious effects of excessive tannin intake could do much to reduce the heavy burden of early mortality and health care, especially in developing countries.

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of green plant parts in modifying the genotoxicity of different agents may be related to the protective action of chlorophyllin, which was tested in vivo on mice bone marrow cells.
Abstract: The effect of chlorophyllin in modifying the clastogenic action of nicotine was tested in vivo on mice bone marrow cells. Nicotine, when administered by gavage, induced chromosomal aberrations in frequencies directly proportional to the dose. Maximum effects were recorded at 6 h after exposure. Chlorophyllin, when given alone, was not clastogenic even at the highest concentration (1.50 mg/kg body wt). Simultaneous administration of nicotine and chlorophyllin with even lower doses (1.25 and 0.77 mg/kg body wt) reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations to the normal level. Chlorophyllin alone, given 2 h before nicotine, however, did not counteract the effects of nicotine. The use of green plant parts in modifying the genotoxicity of different agents may be related to the protective action of chlorophyllin.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1991
TL;DR: Tobacco, in any combination of chewing mixture, induced time-dependent clastogenicity and direct damage to chromosomes was observed in the early stage, and lethal effects were observed inThe latter stages of the study.
Abstract: Long term studies (up to 10 months) for the simulation of betel habits, with or without tobacco, as currently practiced in Oriental countries, were performed using inbred Swiss albino mice. The cytotoxic and clastogenic potential of these complex chewing mixtures were assessed distally on bone marrow cells. Total aqueous extracts of Areca catechu L. nut and Nicoliana tabacum L. sundried leaf have been found to be mitogenic. The basic ingredients of the quid per se were not clastogenic. Tobacco, in any combination of chewing mixture, induced time-dependent clastogenicity. Direct damage to chromosomes was observed in the early stage, and lethal effects were observed in the latter stages of the study. Nuclear DNA content of the cells, measured in situ by Feulgen cytophotometry, was increased after administration of A. catechu and Piper betle leaf (vars. Bangla and Metha-Thakpala) or any combination of tobacco with or without leaf; nut and lime [Ca(OH)2]. High lime and leaf (var. Bangla) counteracted ...

6 citations

References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: Tobacco use is linked to many types of cancers, including cancer of the nose, throat, sinuses, lip, mouth, larynx, lung, esophagus, pancreas, cervix, kidney, bladder, and stomach, as well as acute myeloid leukemia.
Abstract: Cancers affected Smoking causes about 87% of lung cancer deaths. The risk of getting lung cancer is about 23 times higher in male smokers and 13 times higher in female smokers, compared with people who have never smoked. Tobacco use is also linked to many types of cancers, including cancer of the nose, throat, sinuses, lip, mouth, larynx (voice box), lung, esophagus (swallowing tube), pancreas, cervix, kidney, bladder, and stomach, as well as acute myeloid leukemia.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The results may exemplify the way in which the various chewing mixtures, which are ingested daily in relatively large quantities, could affect carcinogenesis in habitual chewers.
Abstract: Histopathological effects of chewing of betel quid with tobacco was studied by simulating four different chewing habits, using mouse glandular stomach mucosa as a model system. Chronic oral administration for five months resulted in marked intestinal metaplasia in all animals receiving extract of tobacco with betel nut and lime and extract of tobacco with betel leaf, nut and lime, in doses normally ingested by human addicts. Tobacco markedly augmented the effect of other ingredients. Lime and Piper betle L. var. bangla probably played a protectant role by reducing the dysplasia and metaplasia. In the light of the growing use of smokeless tobacco and betel chewing habits, our results may exemplify the way in which the various chewing mixtures, which are ingested daily in relatively large quantities, could affect carcinogenesis in habitual chewers.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the stomach pyloric mucosa of inbred Swiss albino mice and C3H mice was examined in vitro following administration of various combinations of betel quid ingredients to assess cytotoxicity.
Abstract: Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the stomach pyloric mucosa of inbred Swiss albino mice and C3H mice was examined in vitro following administration of various combinations of betel quid ingredients in vivo Effect of the quid ingredients on replicative DNA synthesis was studied to assess cytotoxicity Betel leaf, areca nut, lime, tobacco and two popular brands of Indian chewing mixtures induced UDS to a very significant extent While addition of betel leaf reduces the UDS, tobacco significantly increases it Study of replicative DNA synthesis revealed that extracts of areca nut, nut with lime and both the brands of commercial chewing mixtures tested induced replicative DNA synthesis The genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the test compounds provide quantitative risk factors, especially in the light of their growing use in Asian countries

4 citations