Serological relationship between Macrophomina phaseolina and soybean cultivars
TL;DR: Rabbit antisera were raised against antigens of Macrophomina phaseolina and roots of soybean cultivars Soymax and UPSM-19 which were susceptible and resistant respectively to charcoal rot disease, and revealed that four antigenic substances were common between the susceptible soy bean cultivars and isolates of M. phaseolina.
Abstract: Rabbit antisera were raised against antigens of Macrophomina phaseolina (isolate MP 1 ) and roots of soybean cultivars Soymax and UPSM-19 which were susceptible and resistant respectively to charcoal rot disease. These antisera were used in agar gel double diffusion tests for the presence of common antigens between isolates of M. phaseolina and soybean cultivars. Immunoelectrophoretic tests revealed that four antigenic substances were common between the susceptible soybean cultivars and isolates of M. phaseolina but no common antigens were detected between resistant cultivars and the fungus.
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TL;DR: The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is a causative agent of diseases in more than 500 plant species and can be managed to some extent by cultural practices, organic amendments, seed treatment and genetic host resistance.
Abstract: The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is a causative agent of diseases in more than 500 plant species. The fungus is primarily soil-inhabiting but is also seed-borne in many crops including soybean. It survives in the soil mainly as microsclerotia that germinate repeatedly during the crop-growing season. Low C : N ratio in the soil and high bulk density as well as high soil moisture content adversely affect the survival of sclerotia. The disease can be managed to some extent by cultural practices, organic amendments, seed treatment and genetic host resistance. The scattered literature on these aspects is reviewed in this paper.
139 citations
TL;DR: Serological work with phytopathogenic fungi is surveyed and the possibilities and problems of selecting and using fungal structures and metabolic products for the production of specific antibodies are considered.
Abstract: Summary
The present review surveys serological work with phytopathogenic fungi. Knowledge of antigenic determinants of fungi and the possibilities and problems of selecting and using fungal structures and metabolic products for the production of specific antibodies are considered. The paper is intended to be a source of practical information and literature for the active research worker.
39 citations
TL;DR: Among the 12 varieties of tea tested against three isolates of Pestalotiopsis theae, causal agent of grey blight disease, Teen Ali-17/1/54 and TV-23 were found to be highly susceptible while CP-1 and CP-26 were resistant under identical conditions.
Abstract: Summary
Among the 12 varieties of tea tested against three isolates of Pestalotiopsis theae, causal agent of grey blight disease, Teen Ali-17/1/54 and TV-23 were found to be highly susceptible while CP-1 and TV-26 were resistant under identical conditions Leaf antigens were prepared from all the tea varieties, three isolates of P theae and a non-pathogen of tea (Bipolaris tetramera) Polyclonal antisera were raised against mycelial suspensions of P theae (isolate Pt-2) and leaf antigens of Teen Ali-17/1/54 and CP-1 These were compared an immunodiffusion test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect cross reactive antigens (CRA) shared the host and the parasite CRA were found among the susceptible varieties and isolates of P theae (Pt-1, 2 and 3) Such antigens were not detected between isolates of P theae and resistant varieties, B tetramera and tea varieties or isolates of P theae Indirect staining of antibodies using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) indicated that in cross sections of tea leaves, the CRA was concentrated in the epidermal cells and mesophyll tissues CRA was present in the young hyphal tips of the mycelia and on the setulae and appendages of the conidia of P theae
24 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that the fungal mycelia do not easily release cross-reactive antigens into synthetic media where they grow; that most of P. infestans cross- Kreuzreaktiven Antigens are thermolabile and that they can be concentrated by precipitation in the presence of 40 % saturated ammonium sulphate (SAS).
Abstract: Cross-reactive antigens were detected in crude preparations and in purified preparations from mycelia of Phytophthora infestans Race 4. and Race 1.2.3.4.7. with antisera for potatoes cv. King Edward and cv. Pentland Dell by using an indirect ELISA technique. Results suggest that the fungal mycelia do not easily release cross-reactive antigens into synthetic media where they grow; that most of P. infestans cross-reactive antigens are thermolabile and that they can be concentrated by precipitation in the presence of 40 % saturated ammonium sulphate (SAS). The results also reveal an antigenic disparity when 40 % SAS from P. infestans Race 4. mycelial preparation was assayed with antisera for King Edward and Pentland Dell. The occurrence of cross-reactive antigens in P. infestans mycelium and their involvement in such interaction are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Kreuzreaktive Antigene wurden in unbearbeiteten Praparaten und in gereinigten Praparaten aus Myzel von Phytophthora infestans Rasse 4. und 1.2.3.4.7. mit Antiseren fur Kartoffeln cv. King Edward und cv. Pentland Dell gefunden, indem eine indirekte ELISA-Technik benutzt wurde. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, das die pilzlichen Myzelien die kreuzreaktiven Antigene nicht einfach in die synthetischen Medien, in denen sie wachsen, abgeben, das die meisten der P. infestans kreuzreaktiven Antigene thermostabil sind und das sie konzentriert werden konnen durch Prazipitation in 40 % gesattigtem Ammoniumsulfat (SAS). Die Ergebnisse zeigten auserdem eine Antigendisparitat, wenn 40 % SAS aus einem Myzelpraparat von P. infestans Rasse 4. mit Antiseren fur King Edward und Pentland Dell getestet wurde. Das Auftreten kreuzreaktiver Antigene im Myzel von P. infestans und ihre Rolle in solcher Interaktion wurde diskutiert.
23 citations
TL;DR: Pathogenicity of Curvularia eragrostidis, a foliar fungal pathogen of tea was studied in 24 commercially cultivated tea varieties by analysing the antigenic patterns of host and pathogen with the help of immunoserological techniques.
Abstract: Aims: Pathogenicity of Curvularia eragrostidis, a foliar fungal pathogen of tea was studied in 24 commercially cultivated tea varieties by analysing the antigenic patterns of host and pathogen with the help of immunoserological techniques.
Methods and Results: Initial testing by cut shoot inoculation technique followed by whole plant inoculation technique showed that among the varieties tested, TV12 was the most susceptible and TV25 most resistant. Antigen preparations from tea varieties, fungal pathogens (C. eragrostidis and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) and a nonpathogen (Gliocladium virens) were compared by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and indirect ELISA to detect common antigens shared by host and pathogen. Common antigens were detected by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis only among susceptible varieties and the pathogens. Such antigens were not found between the pathogens and the resistant varieties and also between nonpathogens and tea varieties. However, ELISA revealed the presence of low level of common antigens between all combinations. A certain minimum level of antigens was present for compatible host–pathogen interaction. Indirect labelling of antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) showed that cross-reactive antigens were found to be concentrated mainly in the epidermal cells and also spread throughout the cortical cells.
Conclusion: Pathogenicity of C. eragrostidis to different varieties of tea was found to be related to the level of common antigens present between host and pathogen.
Significance and the Impact of the Study: Indirect ELISA proved to be valuable in screening commercially cultivated varieties of tea for their susceptibility to C. eragrostidis.
19 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
Abstract: Since 1922 when Wu proposed the use of the Folin phenol reagent for the measurement of proteins, a number of modified analytical procedures utilizing this reagent have been reported for the determination of proteins in serum, in antigen-antibody precipitates, and in insulin. Although the reagent would seem to be recommended by its great sensitivity and the simplicity of procedure possible with its use, it has not found great favor for general biochemical purposes. In the belief that this reagent, nevertheless, has considerable merit for certain application, but that its peculiarities and limitations need to be understood for its fullest exploitation, it has been studied with regard to effects of variations in pH, time of reaction, and concentration of reactants, permissible levels of reagents commonly used in handling proteins, and interfering substances. Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
3,026 citations
366 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide and starch gels, and showed that proteins in these gels can be used for protein synthesis.
Abstract: Electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide and starch gels , Electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide and starch gels , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
216 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Topics in immunochemistry include Difficulties and artifacts arising in gel diffusion and in immunoelectrophosesis, as well as Miscellaneous topics in Immunochemistry.
Abstract: (Chapter headings) Preface. Chapters: 1. Introduction 2. Immunodiffusion in gels 3. Antisera 4. Techniques of immunodiffusion 5. Techniques of immunoelectrophoresis 6. Visualization and interpretation of precipitates in gels 7. Immunoadsorbent techniques 8. Radio-immunochemical techniques 9. Enzymo- and metallo-immunoassays 10. Difficulties and artifacts arising in gel diffusion and in immunoelectrophosesis 11. Immunochemical reactions in free buffer systems 12. Immunofluorescence techniques 13. Complement fixation assays 14. Application of lymphocytes for tracing antigens 15. Miscellaneous topics in immunochemistry 16. Appendices References. Subject index.
190 citations