Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of neosporosis in beef and dairy cattle in Italy
TL;DR: A cross-sectional serological survey for Neospora caninum was carried out on beef and dairy cattle in southern and northern Italy and one of the best predictors of neosporosis seroprevalence was the practice of self-rearing replacement heifers.
About: This article is published in Veterinary Parasitology.The article was published on 2003-12-01. It has received 100 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Seroprevalence & Neospora caninum.
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TL;DR: This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
977 citations
Cites background from "Seroprevalence and associated risk ..."
...In a study from northern Italy, the risk of seropositivity in individual cattle increased with the number of farm dogs when poultry were present on the farm (332)....
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...A possible explanation for this is that on the less intensively managed beef farms, there is in general no close contact between the excretions of farm dogs and beef cattle (33, 332, 386)....
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...“no grazing” was identified as a risk factor for seropositivity in individual cattle (332)....
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..., the risk of being seropositive increased in larger herds with an increasing number of dogs per farm (332)....
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...when poultry are present on a farm (332), further examinations on the susceptibility of poultry to N....
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TL;DR: The results of this supranational comparative study showed that the importance of N. caninum infection varied greatly within in Europe and was significantly associated with herdtype (beef versus dairy), age, breed and region within countries.
136 citations
TL;DR: The importance of Neospora caninum-associated disease in wildlife is reviewed and the best practice guidelines to follow for reporting wildlife cases of neosporosis are presented.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that is the etiologic agent of neosporosis, a devastating infectious disease regarded as a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs worldwide This protozoan pathogen is maintained in the environment by a heteroxenous life cycle that involves a definitive canid host and a wide range of intermediate hosts In recent years, a number of wildlife species have been investigated for their possible involvement in the N caninum life cycle and many have been implicated as intermediate hosts However, in many instances these studies have utilized serological and molecular techniques to detect infection in clinically normal animals, and investigation of possible associated morbidity, mortality, and pathology has been neglected As such, the occurrence and importance of Neospora-associated disease in wildlife species are unknown In order to improve our understanding of the significance of N caninum infection in nondomestic species, the present review provides an up-to-date summary of clinical neosporosis and N caninum-associated pathologic lesions in naturally and experimentally infected wildlife species We provide a list of all free-ranging and captive wildlife species identified with N caninum infection to date using currently available diagnostic tools The advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods in wildlife are addressed in order to recommend optimal diagnosis of confirming N caninum infection and neosporosis in nondomestic species Although current data would suggest that N caninum infection does not adversely impact wildlife populations, there is a need for greater international uniformity in the diagnosis of N caninum infection and neosporosis in nondomestic species in order to assess the true consequences of parasite infection
135 citations
TL;DR: Control measures for neosporosis could now become more complicated, given the participation of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum.
122 citations
TL;DR: This work examined sera for N. caninum antibodies from 200 outdoor chickens and from 200 chickens confined indoors in the state of Bahia, Brazil to find that birds are among the list of intermediate hosts of N.Caninum.
88 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Hosmer and Lemeshow as discussed by the authors provide an accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets.
Abstract: From the reviews of the First Edition. "An interesting, useful, and well-written book on logistic regression models... Hosmer and Lemeshow have used very little mathematics, have presented difficult concepts heuristically and through illustrative examples, and have included references."- Choice "Well written, clearly organized, and comprehensive... the authors carefully walk the reader through the estimation of interpretation of coefficients from a wide variety of logistic regression models . . . their careful explication of the quantitative re-expression of coefficients from these various models is excellent." - Contemporary Sociology "An extremely well-written book that will certainly prove an invaluable acquisition to the practicing statistician who finds other literature on analysis of discrete data hard to follow or heavily theoretical."-The Statistician In this revised and updated edition of their popular book, David Hosmer and Stanley Lemeshow continue to provide an amazingly accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets. Hosmer and Lemeshow extend the discussion from biostatistics and epidemiology to cutting-edge applications in data mining and machine learning, guiding readers step-by-step through the use of modeling techniques for dichotomous data in diverse fields. Ample new topics and expanded discussions of existing material are accompanied by a wealth of real-world examples-with extensive data sets available over the Internet.
35,847 citations
11,174 citations
TL;DR: Dogs are a definitive host of Neospora caninum, and mice inoculated with canine faecal extracts were monitored for evidence of neosporosis using a variety of morphologic, immunohistologic, serologic, and genetic analyses.
1,069 citations
TL;DR: Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which until 1988 was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii, and its life cycle is unknown.
963 citations
"Seroprevalence and associated risk ..." refers background in this paper
...Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae), a protozoan probably long misdiagnosed as Toxoplasma gondii (Dubey, 1999a), infects dogs (a definitive host), domestic and wild ruminants and horses, which are intermediate hosts (Dubey and Lindsay, 1996)....
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TL;DR: There is no vaccine for preventing Neospora-induced abortions in cattle or to prevent oocyst shedding in dogs, so progress made in serologic diagnosis of N. caninum infection is discussed.
388 citations