DOI•
Servicios de regulación y prácticas de manejo: aportes para una horticultura de base agroecológica
01 Apr 2013-Vol. 22, Iss: 1, pp 36-43
TL;DR: Perez et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the relationship between agro-ecological management practices in horticulture and different regulating services to farm scale, and established a framework that facilitate technicians, researchers and policy makers, advancing technological alternatives that promote agroecological transition processes.
Abstract: Perez, M., Marasas, M.E. (2013). Regulating services and management practices: contributions to horticulture with agroecological bases. Ecosistemas 22(1):36-43. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-1.07
The importance of agroecological management practices has been widely discussed in the literature. The relationship between these practices and the regulating services in agroecosystems is an essential contribution to the development of sustainable production systems. This paper analyzes the relationship between agroecological management practices in horticulture and different regulating services to farm scale. It aims to establish a framework that facilitate technicians, researchers and policy makers, advancing technological alternatives that promote agroecological transition processes. Knowledge of the interactions between practices and services is necessary for decision making concerning the agro-ecosystems management and biodiversity conservation, particularly in agricultural systems.
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DOI•
01 Apr 2013
TL;DR: The fact that biodiversity cannot determine the achievement of biological pest control, has triggered a shift towards the determination of functional diversity, which includes the biological traits of the natural enemy community.
Abstract: Paredes, D., Campos, M., Cayuela, L. (2013). Conservation biological control of arthropod pests: techniques and state of art. Ecosistemas22(1):56-61. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-1.10 Conservation biological control is positioning as an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides to control arthropod pest outbreaks. The use of this strategy is orientated to increasing the abundance and diversity of the community of natural enemies by means of different techniques. However, it is observed that the increase of these parameters has not always a direct impact on the suppression of crop pests. Ecological processes such as intraguild predation, functional redundancy and niche complementarity could explain the failure or success of the practices of conservation biological control. The fact that biodiversity cannot determine the achievement of biological pest control, has triggered a shift towards the determination of functional diversity, which includes the biological traits of the natural enemy community. The ultimate goal is to identify the optimal composition of the community that controls the populations of arthropod pests effectively.
10 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the transition process of an agroecosystem is analyzed in relation to the criteria considered, the initial situation, the changes through time and the implemented strategies.
Abstract: Agroecological transition is a complex process in which different scales (farm, local community, territory) are articulated and that is affected by social, economic, technological, cultural, political and ecological factors. To analyze a transition process initially requires understanding how agro-ecosystems function (structure and processes occurring in it) and the different modes of intervention of human beings, who make management decisions to transform an agricultural ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to consider, simultaneously, at least 3 key criteria of the complex reality that the transition process faces: 1. The internal structural characteristics of the agroecosystem undertaking the process; 2. The singularities of the farmer or farmer family who makes decisions and manages the operation of the system; 3. External factors that influence the transition process. By using two concrete examples the transition process was analyzed in relation to the criteria considered, the initial situation, the changes through time and the implemented strategies.
6 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a metodo: entrevista paisajistica como tecnica for el relevamiento contextualizado de la información.
Abstract: Las practicas y saberes agricolas asociados son unicos en el manejo de cada agroecosistema y difieren segun las distintas comunidades y grupos de agricultores. Para poder entender las logicas de estos manejos, se requiere contextualizarlo en una situacion precisa de accion teniendo en cuenta sus caracteristicas singulares, ecologicas, tecnicas y socioculturales movilizadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un metodo: la entrevista paisajistica como tecnica para el relevamiento contextualizado de la informacion.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the potential impact of contamination by plaguicides for two cases of study in greenhouse systems and two cases in open field inside the Cinturon Horticola Marplatense (CHM).
Abstract: Beneficiado por condiciones agroecologicas, el Cinturon Horticola Marplatense (CHM) se posiciona como uno de los principales abastecedores de hortalizas de hoja y fruto al resto del pais. El avance e intensificacion de la actividad horticola en el area resulta evidente en las ultimas decadas. En este contexto, surgen diversos problemas ambientales derivados, principalmente, del amplio uso de plaguicidas. En este marco, el presente trabajo propone evaluar comparativamente el impacto potencial de contaminacion por plaguicidas para dos casos de estudio en sistemas bajo cubierta y dos casos a campo dentro del CHM. Luego, identificar las posibles implicancias que la dependencia de estos insumos genera sobre los servicios ecosistemicos (SE) y, por ultimo, plantear estrategias de manejo para preservar estos servicios. De acuerdo a los casos analizados, el sistema bajo cubierta obtuvo valores mas elevados (0,15 y 0,18), que el sistema a campo (0,01 y 0,03) respecto a su potencial de contaminacion. Los SE mayormente comprometidos serian los de polinizacion; control de plagas, enfermedades y malezas; fuente de alimento y hospedaje para especies beneficas; provision de alimentos, y provision de agua para consumo humano. En este sentido, es posible implementar estrategias que permitan combinar la conservacion de los ecosistemas con la obtencion de beneficios economicos. Finalmente, se considera importante avanzar sobre el analisis de nuevos casos para alcanzar una evaluacion completa del sistema, y profundizar en propuestas tendientes a la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. Palabras clave: Intensificacion horticola, Problemas ambientales, Planificacion ambiental. Abstract Benefited by agro-ecological conditions, the “ Cinturon Horticola Marplatense (CHM)” [Marplatense Horticultural Belt] is positioned as one of the main suppliers of leaf and fruit vegetables to the rest of the country. The advance and intensification of the horticultural activity in the area is evident in the last decades. In this context, several environmental problems arise, mainly due to the wide use of pesticides. Within this framework, the present work proposes to evaluate comparatively the potential impact of contamination by plaguicides for two cases of study in greenhouse systems and two cases in open field inside the CHM. Then, identify the possible implications that the dependence of these inputs generates on ecosystem services (ES) and, finally, propose management strategies to preserve these services. According to the analyzed cases, the greenhouse system obtained higher values (0.15 and 0.18) than the open field system (0.01 and 0.03) in relation to its contamination potential. The most compromised ES would be pollination; pests’ control, diseases and weeds; food source and hosting for beneficial species; food supply, and provision of safe drinking water. In this sense, it is possible to implement strategies that allow combining the conservation of ecosystems with the attainment of economic benefits. Finally, it is therefore considered important to advance on the analysis of new cases to achieve a complete evaluation of the system, and expound on proposals tending to the sustainability of agroecosystems. Keywords : Horticultural intensification, Environmental problems, Environmental planning.
3 citations
DOI•
01 Apr 2013
TL;DR: Lopez-Blanco et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the variabilidad climatica and actividades antropicas in two lagos in the Sistema Iberico (Espana) during the ultimo milenio.
Abstract: Lopez-Blanco, Ch. (2013). Estudio multi-indicador en dos lagos en el Sistema Iberico (Espana): variabilidad climatica y actividades antropicas durante el ultimo milenio. Ecosistemas 22(1):80-82. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-1.17
3 citations
References
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TL;DR: Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society.
Abstract: Life itself as well as the entire human economy depends on goods and services provided by earth's natural systems. The processes of cleansing, recycling, and renewal, along with goods such as seafood, forage, and timber, are worth many trillions of dollars annually, and nothing could live without them. Yet growing human impacts on the environment are profoundly disrupting the functioning of natural systems and imperiling the delivery of these services.Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society. Contributors including Paul R. Ehrlich, Donald Kennedy, Pamela A. Matson, Robert Costanza, Gary Paul Nabhan, Jane Lubchenco, Sandra Postel, and Norman Myers present a detailed synthesis of our current understanding of a suite of ecosystem services and a preliminary assessment of their economic value. Chapters consider: major services including climate regulation, soil fertility, pollination, and pest control philosophical and economic issues of valuation case studies of specific ecosystems and services implication of recent findings and steps that must be taken to address the most pressing concerns Nature's Services represents one of the first efforts by scientists to provide an overview of the many benefits and services that nature offers to people and the extent to which we are all vitally dependent on those services. The book enhances our understanding of the value of the natural systems that surround us and can play an essential role in encouraging greater efforts to protect the earth's basic life-support systems before it is too late. -- publisher's description
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TL;DR: The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Many agroecosystems are unfavorable environments for natural enemies due to high levels of disturbance. Habitat management, a form of conservation biological control, is an ecologically based approach aimed at favoring natural enemies and enhancing biological control in agricultural systems. The goal of habitat management is to create a suitable ecological infrastructure within the agricultural landscape to provide resources such as food for adult natural enemies, alternative prey or hosts, and shelter from adverse conditions. These resources must be integrated into the landscape in a way that is spatially and temporally favorable to natural enemies and practical for producers to implement. The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control. The potential to int...
2,705 citations
TL;DR: The role of biodiversity in securing crop protection and soil fertility is explored in detail in this paper, where various options of agroecosystem management and design that enhance functional biodiversity in crop fields are described.
2,391 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the term "ecosystem services" is too ad hoc to be of practical use in welfare accounting and propose a definition, rooted in economic principles, of ecosystem service units.
Abstract: This paper advocates consistently defined units of account to measure the contributions of nature to human welfare. We argue that such units have to date not been defined by environmental accounting advocates and that the term "ecosystem services" is too ad hoc to be of practical use in welfare accounting. We propose a definition, rooted in economic principles, of ecosystem service units. A goal of these units is comparability with the definition of conventional goods and services found in GDP and the other national accounts. We illustrate our definition of ecological units of account with concrete examples. We also argue that these same units of account provide an architecture for environmental performance measurement by governments, conservancies, and environmental markets.
1,758 citations
TL;DR: Recent declines in honeybee numbers in the United States and Europe bring home the importance of healthy pollination systems, and the need to further develop native bees and other animals as crop pollinators.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract The pollination of flowering plants by animals represents a critical ecosystem service of great value to humanity, both monetary and otherwise. However, the need for active conservation of pollination interactions is only now being appreciated. Pollination systems are under increasing threat from anthropogenic sources, including fragmentation of habitat, changes in land use, modern agricultural practices, use of chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides, and invasions of non-native plants and animals. Honeybees, which themselves are non-native pollinators on most continents, and which may harm native bees and other pollinators, are nonetheless critically important for crop pollination. Recent declines in honeybee numbers in the United States and Europe bring home the importance of healthy pollination systems, and the need to further develop native bees and other animals as crop pollinators. The “pollination crisis” that is evident in declines of honeybees and native bees, and in damage to web...
1,653 citations
"Servicios de regulación y prácticas..." refers background in this paper
...…abono: nutrientes y materia orgánica para el suelo Magdoff 1996; Altieri y Nicholls 2000; Gliessman 2002; Magdoff y Weil 2004 Polinización Por acción de abejas y otros organismos Kearns et al.1998; Bravo et al. 2011 nitrógeno en el caso de las leguminosas (Altieri y Nicholls 2000; Gliessman 2002)....
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...Además, estos insumos son particularmente perjudiciales para los polinizadores (Kearns et al. 1998)....
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