SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months
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Findings were that significant disparities in vocabulary and language processing efficiency were already evident at 18 months between infants from higher- and lower-SES families, and by 24 months there was a 6-month gap between SES groups in processing skills critical to language development.Abstract:
This research revealed both similarities and striking differences in early language proficiency among infants from a broad range of advantaged and disadvantaged families. English-learning infants (n = 48) were followed longitudinally from 18 to 24 months, using real-time measures of spoken language processing. The first goal was to track developmental changes in processing efficiency in relation to vocabulary learning in this diverse sample. The second goal was to examine differences in these crucial aspects of early language development in relation to family socioeconomic status (SES). The most important findings were that significant disparities in vocabulary and language processing efficiency were already evident at 18 months between infants from higher- and lower-SES families, and by 24 months there was a 6-month gap between SES groups in processing skills critical to language development.read more
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The National Academies Press
TL;DR: The National Academy of Sciences founded The National Academies Press (NAP) with the goal of publishing reports of all four national academies as mentioned in this paper, which publishes more than 200 books from the fields of science, engineering and medicine and offers more than 4000 titles in PDF on its website.
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Interpreting the Early Language Trajectories of Children From Low-SES and Language Minority Homes: Implications for Closing Achievement Gaps
TL;DR: Declaring all developmental trajectories to be equally valid would not change the robust relation between English oral language skills and academic achievement and would not help children with poor English skills to be successful in school.
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School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach
Clancy Blair,C. Cybele Raver +1 more
TL;DR: The idea that research on self-regulation powerfully highlights ways in which gaps in school readiness and later achievement are linked to poverty and social and economic inequality is illustrated and points the way to effective approaches to counteract these conditions.
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The Economics of Human Development and Social Mobility
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TL;DR: There is little support for the claim that untargeted income transfer policies to poor families significantly boost child outcomes, and economic models that rationalize the evidence and unify the treatment effect and family influence literatures are presented.
References
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Book
The WEIRDest People in the World
TL;DR: A review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species – frequent outliers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition.
TL;DR: A theory is proposed that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism.
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Socioeconomic status and child development.
TL;DR: A variety of mechanisms linking SES to child well-being have been proposed, with most involving differences in access to material and social resources or reactions to stress-inducing conditions by both the children themselves and their parents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children
TL;DR: Hart and Risley the authors, 1995, the authors ) discuss the effects of gender stereotypes on women's reproductive health and sexual health, and propose a method to improve women's health.
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