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Journal ArticleDOI

Sesame: Current knowledge of composition and use

01 Apr 1972-Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 49, Iss: 4, pp 245-249
TL;DR: Sesame meal is a valuable supplement for food and feeds because of the high methionine content of its protein relative to other oilseed proteins as discussed by the authors, and the production of sesame seed in the U.S. has been small but is expected to increase with success in the development of nonshattering varieties.
Abstract: Because of its good taste and outstanding stability, sesame oil has long been one of the most desirable edible vegetable oils. Sesame meal is a valuable supplement for food and feeds because of the high methionine content of its protein relative to other oilseed proteins. Production of sesame seed in the U.S. has been small but is expected to increase with success in the development of nonshattering varieties. Current information on the composition, properties, processing and use of sesame is discussed.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several reports have suggested that lipid peroxidation may result in destabilization and disintegration of cell membranes, leading to liver injury and other diseases, and finally, to aging and susceptibility to cancer.
Abstract: Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic organisms including, of course, human beings, but it is believed that oxygen also may be responsible for undesired phenomena. In particular, oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical anion, and singlet oxygen are proposed as agents attacking polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, giving rise to lipid peroxidation. Several reports have suggested that lipid peroxidation may result in destabilization and disintegration of cell membranes, leading to liver injury and other diseases, and finally, to aging and susceptibility to cancer (4).

910 citations

Book
05 Oct 2012
TL;DR: Herbs, spices and their active components as natural antimicrobials in foods Effect of natural antioxidants in herbs and spices on shelf life of foods is studied.
Abstract: Herbs, spices and their active components as natural antimicrobials in foods Effect of natural antioxidants in herbs and spices on shelf life of foods Ajowan Aniseed Asafoetida Allspice Capers and caperberries Caraway Celery Chervil Fennel and fennel seed Galangal Kaffir lime leaf Lavender Lemongrass Lovage Nigella Oregano Poppy Sesame Star anise Tarragon Tamarind Other significant herbs and spices.

682 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Mitsuo Namiki1
TL;DR: Sesame has been known empirically as a cooking oil which is highly resistant to oxidative deterioration in comparison with other edible oils as discussed by the authors, but until recently there were no scientific studies to elucidate these interesting aspects of sesame seed and oil, but the author and members of his group initiated studies on the chemical elucidation of antioxidative principles of raw and roasted sesame seeds and oils.
Abstract: Some historical facts on and botanical descriptions of sesame are given. Some flavor studies of raw and roasted sesame seeds and oils are described. Composition and some usages are also briefly reported. Sesame has long been regarded in the Orient as a health food which increases energy and prevents aging. Sesame oil has been known empirically as a cooking oil which is highly resistant to oxidative deterioration in comparison with other edible oils. Until recently there were no scientific studies to elucidate these interesting aspects of sesame seed and oil, but the author and members of his group initiated studies on the chemical elucidation of antioxidative principles of sesame seed and oil, and extensively investigated the antiaging effect of sesame. Presence of various new antioxidative lignan phenol compounds in sesame seed and oil is described. Sesaminol has been identified as a new antioxidative principle in raw sesame salad oil. The mechanism of the superior antioxidative activity of roas...

336 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidant activity of EESC was investigated and it was shown that EESc acts as a primary antioxidant, with a 50.0% scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radical.

314 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the production-Methods of the methylesters of Fatty Acids on the Quantitative Result was investigated and mixtures of pure glycerides of short- and long-chained fatty acids with a mixture of docosane and petroleum ether as solvent for the methyleters were analyzed.
Abstract: Bei der Umesterung von Olivenol, Maisol, Sesamol und Leinol mit Methylalkohol zum Zweck der GLC-Analyse wurden die gleichen Ergebnisse erzielt wie bei der Veresterung der durch Verseifung erhaltenen freien Sauren, wobei Diazomethan, Bortrifluorid und Salzsaure benutzt wurden. Die bei Anwesenheit von kurzkettigen Fettsauren entstehenden Schwierigkeiten wurden untersucht und Mischungen reiner Glyceride kurz- und langkettiger Fettsauren unter Verwendung eines Gemisches von Docosan und Petrolather als Losungsmittel der Methylester analysiert. Application of Gas-Chromatography in the Field of Fats III: Influence of the Production-Methods of the Methylesters of Fatty Acids on the Quantitative Result By the interesterification of olive-oil, maiz-oil, sesam-oil and linseed-oil with methyl alcohol with the object of GLC-analysis, the same results were obtained as by the esterification of the free acids (obtained by saponification), where diazomethane, borontrifluoride and hydrochloric acid were used. The difficulties arrising from the presence of short-chained fatty acids were investigated and mixtures of pure glycerides of short- and long-chained fatty acids with a mixture of docosane and petroleum ether as solvent for the methylesters were analysed.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of antioxidants on unsaturated fatty acid esters on geometric isomers by determining the induction period using the weighing method and the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, peroxide values, conjugated diene contents, isolatedtrans double bond contents and molecular weights for the controls and the samples containing antioxidants.
Abstract: Many studies have been published on the effect of antioxidants on unsaturated fatty acid esters but the differences of the effects of antioxidants on geometric isomers have never been investigated. In this study, methylcis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate and itstrans isomer methyltrans-9,trans-12-octadecadienoate were used as methyl nonconjugated dienoates, and BHA, BHT, PG, NDGA, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,5,3′,5′-tetratert-butyl diphenyl methane, L-thyroxine sodium salt,a-tocopherol and sesamol were used, as antioxidants. The differences of the effects of antioxidants on both geometric isomers were investigated by determining the induction period using the weighing method. Also determined were the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, peroxide values, conjugated diene contents, isolatedtrans double bond contents and molecular weights for the controls and the samples containing antioxidants. Thecis,cis isomer was more easily autoxidized and had a shorter induction period than thetrans,trans form. By the end of the induction period, no isolatedtrans double bond forms in thecis,cis isomer, but a considerable amount of isolatedtrans double bond decreased in thetrans,trans isomer. In general, the effects of antioxidants, except NDGA, on thecis,cis isomer were larger than thetrans,trans form.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of the fibrous coloured skin of sesame seed was accomplished by contacting the seed with lye solution under optimal conditions, and the decuticled seed was dried mechanically and a yield of 85% on the raw material was obtained.
Abstract: Easy removal of the fibrous coloured skin of sesame seed was accomplished by contacting the seed with lye solution under optimal conditions. The decuticled seed was dried mechanically and a yield of 85% on the raw material was obtained. Screw pressed or pre-press solvent extracted flour derived from the dehulled seed had an attractive white appearance, was free from bitterness and had a lower crude fibre and oxalic acid content. Both in the content of protein and its nutritional quality, the meal was found to be superior to commercial seasame cake. Heat treatment inherent to expeller operation was found to have beneficial effect on sesame protein.

12 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Methods of distinguishing these synergists by paper and thin-layer chromatography have been published, and a recent study disclosed that piperonyl butoxide and sulfoxide may be gas chromatographed, although sulfoxide breaks down in the process.
Abstract: Methylenedioxyphenyl synergists are used widely to enhance the activity of pyrethroids and carbamates. Thus, means of analyzing for these synergists are frequently required. Most of the trace methods we have at present for these analyses are colorimetric or spectrophotometric (allen et al. 1962, beroza 1956 b, blum 1955, bowman et al. 1961, budowski et al. 1950 and 1951, jones et al. 1952, suarez et al. 1952); however, other analytical procedures have appeared. Methods of distinguishing these synergists by paper and thin-layer chromatography have been published (beroza 1956 c and 1963), and a recent study disclosed that piperonyl butoxide and sulfoxide may be gas chromatographed, although sulfoxide breaks down in the process (zielinski and fishbein 1966). A spectrophotometric method for determining sulfoxide in formulations has been reported (haus et al. 1964 and 1965).

12 citations