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SET for life: biochemical activities and biological functions of SET domain-containing proteins

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TLDR
The most recent findings on the biological functions of the major families of SET domain-containing proteins catalyzing the methylation of histones 3 on lysines 4, 9, 27, and 36 as well as candidates that have been reported to regulate non-histone substrates are summarized.
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This article is published in Trends in Biochemical Sciences.The article was published on 2013-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 253 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Histone lysine methylation & Histone methyltransferase.

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Targeting histone methyltransferases and demethylases in clinical trials for cancer therapy

TL;DR: This review describes those enzymes and their inhibitors that have already reached the first stages of clinical trials in cancer therapy, namely the histone methyltransferases DOT1L and EZH2 as well as the demethylase LSD1.
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Comprehensive Catalog of Currently Documented Histone Modifications

TL;DR: This work catalogs histone PTMs under two classes: first, those whose functions have been fairly well studied and, second, those PTMs that have been more recently identified but whose functions remain unclear.
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Enhancer biology and enhanceropathies

TL;DR: Genome-wide analyses have revealed chromatin signatures of enhancers, and enhancer signatures have been used to describe the transitions of these regulatory elements from inactive to primed and from activated to decommissioned states during development.
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Epigenetic modifications of histones in cancer

TL;DR: The enzymatic machineries and modifications that are involved in cancer development and progression are reviewed, and how to apply currently available small molecule inhibitors for histone modifiers as tool compounds to study the functional significance of histone modifications and their clinical implications is reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.

TL;DR: High-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology are generated.
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Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAs

TL;DR: The transcriptional landscape of the four human HOX loci is characterized at five base pair resolution in 11 anatomic sites and 231 HOX ncRNAs are identified that extend known transcribed regions by more than 30 kilobases, suggesting transcription of ncRNA may demarcate chromosomal domains of gene silencing at a distance.
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Distinct and predictive chromatin signatures of transcriptional promoters and enhancers in the human genome.

TL;DR: Insight is given into the connections between chromatin modifications and transcriptional regulatory activity and a novel functional enhancer for the carnitine transporter SLC22A5 (OCTN2) is uncovered, providing a new tool for the functional annotation of the human genome.
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Long Noncoding RNA as Modular Scaffold of Histone Modification Complexes

TL;DR: The results suggest that lincRNAs may serve as scaffolds by providing binding surfaces to assemble select histone modification enzymes, thereby specifying the pattern of histone modifications on target genes.
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Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases

TL;DR: A functional interdependence of site-specific H3 tail modifications is revealed and a dynamic mechanism for the regulation of higher-order chromatin is suggested.
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