Severity Analysis of Wildlife–Vehicle Crashes using Generalized Structural Equation Modeling:
01 Feb 2021-Transportation Research Record (SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA)-Vol. 2675, Iss: 2, pp 53-64
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of wildlife-vehicle crashes (WVCs) on wildlife welfare, human health, and the economy, and found that thousands of WVCs occur in North America each year.
Abstract: Each year, thousands of wildlife–vehicle crashes (WVCs) occur in North America with negative effects on wildlife welfare, human health, and the economy. Although previous studies have investigated ...
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Journal Article•
3,385 citations
TL;DR: The satisfaction of road users is one of the main goals of any highway authority and this study evaluates and identifies factors that affect users' satisfaction with the road network.
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TL;DR: In this article , a copula-based regression technique was employed to simultaneously model the relationship between crash-risk factors and crash outcome metrics of fatal PTW rider-at-fault crashes, namely the number of crash casualties (casualty size) and number of vehicles involved in a crash (crash size).
Abstract: Abstract Fatal crashes involving Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) are a major health concern in South Korea due to the increase in their usage in the logistics industry. Owing to the way, they are operated on the roadways, most riders end up in fatal crashes. Interestingly, little research exists regarding the impact of risk factors on fatal crashes involving at-fault PTW riders. This study employs a copula-based regression technique to simultaneously model the relationship between crash-risk factors and crash outcome metrics of fatal PTW rider-at-fault crashes, namely the number of crash casualties (casualty size) and the number of vehicles involved in a crash (crash size) at intersections and non-intersection segments. The proposed method was superior compared to the SEM-based bivariate regression approach, and the estimation results showed that there exists a positive relationship between both outcome variables. From the analysis, it was identified that while "other violations" comprising speeding and wrongful overtaking had varying effects on crash size outcomes at the intersection and non-intersection segments, variables such as daytime, winter, head-on collisions, and pedestrian involvement had positive impact on the crash consequence metrics irrespective of the crash location. Insights drawn from the study are used in recommending appropriate countermeasures for improving PTW safety.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored factors affecting injury severity with the consideration of secondary collisions in freeway tunnel crashes and found that the inconvenient driving environment in a tunnel space, characterized by narrow space and dark lighting, can affect crash characteristics such as secondary collisions, which in turn can affect the injury severity.
Abstract: Although there have been several studies conducted exploring the factors affecting injury severity in tunnel crashes, most studies have focused on identifying factors that directly influence injury severity. In particular, variables related to crash characteristics and tunnel characteristics affect the injury severity, but the inconvenient driving environment in a tunnel space, characterized by narrow space and dark lighting, can affect crash characteristics such as secondary collisions, which in turn can affect the injury severity. Moreover, studies on secondary collisions in freeway tunnels are very limited. The objective of this study was to explore factors affecting injury severity with the consideration of secondary collisions in freeway tunnel crashes. To account for complex relationships between multiple exogenous variables and endogenous variables by considering the direct and indirect relationships between them, this study used a structural equation modeling with tunnel crash data obtained from Korean freeway tunnels from 2013 to 2017. Moreover, based on high-definition closed-circuit televisions installed every 250 m to monitor incidents in Korean freeway tunnels, this study utilized unique crash characteristics such as secondary collisions. As a result, we found that tunnel characteristics indirectly affected injury severity through crash characteristics. In addition, one variable regarding crashes involving drivers younger than 40 years old was associated with decreased injury severity. By contrast, ten variables exhibited a higher likelihood of severe injuries: crashes by male drivers, crashes by trucks, crashes in March, crashes under sunny weather conditions, crashes on dry surface conditions, crashes in interior zones, crashes in wider tunnels, crashes in longer tunnels, rear-end collisions, and secondary collisions with other vehicles.
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References
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27 May 1998TL;DR: The book aims to provide the skills necessary to begin to use SEM in research and to interpret and critique the use of method by others.
Abstract: Designed for students and researchers without an extensive quantitative background, this book offers an informative guide to the application, interpretation and pitfalls of structural equation modelling (SEM) in the social sciences. The book covers introductory techniques including path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and provides an overview of more advanced methods such as the evaluation of non-linear effects, the analysis of means in convariance structure models, and latent growth models for longitudinal data. Providing examples from various disciplines to illustrate all aspects of SEM, the book offers clear instructions on the preparation and screening of data, common mistakes to avoid and widely used software programs (Amos, EQS and LISREL). The book aims to provide the skills necessary to begin to use SEM in research and to interpret and critique the use of method by others.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered, error of approximation and error of fit, where the first involves the fit of the model, and the second involves the model's shape.
Abstract: This article is concerned with measures of fit of a model. Two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered. The first is error of approximation which involves the fit of the model, wi...
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19,019 citations
Journal Article•
3,385 citations
"Severity Analysis of Wildlife–Vehic..." refers background or methods in this paper
...SEM, instead, uses latent variables to account for measurement errors (29)....
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...Generally, SEM can include three statistical analysis methods: path analysis/ordinary regressions (measured variables only), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; measured and latent variables), and a combination of them (full SEM or, simply, SEM) (29)....
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