Sewage Sludge Impacts on Yields, Nutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in Pearl Millet–Wheat System Grown Under Saline Environment
01 Mar 2021-International Journal of Plant Production (Springer International Publishing)-Vol. 15, Iss: 1, pp 93-105
TL;DR: In this paper, a field trial was conducted for two consecutive years (2017-2019) with three irrigation levels [canal water (0.35 dS m−1), I1, 8 dSm−1, I2, I3, and I4] to assess domestic sewage sludge (SS) under saline conditions to boost crop productivity has become crucial.
Abstract: Salinity prompts heavy metals accumulation and adversely affects nutrient contents in soil and plants, thereby reducing crop yields. The assessment of domestic sewage sludge (SS) under saline conditions to boost crop productivity has become crucial. A field trial was conducted for two consecutive years (2017–2019) with three irrigation levels [canal water (0.35 dS m−1), I1; 8 dS m−1, I2; and 10 dS m−1 saline water, I3]; and five fertilization levels [control, F1; SS (5 t ha−1), F2; SS (5 t ha−1) + 50% RDF, F3; SS (5 t ha−1) + 75% RDF, F4; and RDF, F5]. The results revealed that treatment I3 (10 dS m−1) reduced the grain yield of pearl millet and wheat by an average of 31.2 and 32.6%, respectively, compared to I1 (0.35 dS m−1). However, among fertilizer treatments, F5 obtained significant highest grain and straw yields statistically at par with F4 treatment. Also, in the context of nutrients content in crops, a similar trend has been reported. In the addition, with the usage of saline irrigation (EC 8 and 10 dS m−1) and SS (5 t ha−1), the availability of heavy metals in crops and soil had increased (p = 0.05). The soluble ions in soil increased with increasing salinity levels of irrigation water. The extractability series of heavy metals were: Pb > Co > Ni > Cr > Cd. The addition of SS, however, recorded a higher concentration of DTPA-extractable metals in soil over control. The heavy metals content did not exceed toxicity levels in soil and plants. Hence, the incorporation of SS (5 t ha−1) resulted in saving 25% mineral fertilizers and, also combined use of SS with mineral fertilizers proved to be economically beneficial for crop production.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The main purpose of the two consecutive experimental studies presented in this paper was to compare the effect of salinity on nutrients in leaves of the halophytic plant species Portulaca oleracea L. and in soil.
Abstract: The main purpose of the two consecutive experimental studies presented here was to compare the effect of salinity on nutrients in leaves of the halophytic plant species Portulaca oleracea L. and in soil. The first experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on plant growth, biomass accumulation, yield, root layer development, salt accumulation, and the dynamics of changes in mineral substances in plants and soil. In the second experiment, P. oleracea seeds were sown directly into salinized soil (treated immediately before plant growth) to determine the nutrient levels in leaves and soil. Three salinity treatments (saline water solution with NaCl: T1, 5 dS m−1; T2, 9.8 dS m−1; and T3, 20 dS m−1) and a control treatment (T0, 1 dS m−1) were used in the first experiment. The soil in the second experiment was used in a previous study (performed immediately before P. oleracea growth) (salinized soil: T1, 7.2 dS m−1; T2, 8.8 dS m−1; T3, 15.6 dS m−1; T0, 1.9 dS m−1). The plants were irrigated with tap water at amounts in the range of 0.25–0.50 L/pot. Analysis of the experimental results showed that P. oleracea is resistant to salinity, is able to remove ions (400–500 kg ha−1 NaCl), and can be grown in saline soil. The results indicated that P. oleracea is able to grow in high-salinity soil. This finding was confirmed by the dry matter obtained under high-salinity conditions. Salinity stress affected nutrient uptake in leaves and soil.
14 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a field experiment was conducted with different levels of wastewater sludge (15, 30, and 45 t ha−1) alone and in combination with 100% and 50% recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF).
Abstract: Sewage sludge (SS) in the soil acts as a slow-release organic fertilizer, and its nutrient supplying capability and heavy metal release occur for a prolonged period depending upon the applied doses. Field experiment not only evaluated the direct impact of SS application on rice (Oryza sativa L.) but also tracked the accumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) content in succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop and next-season rice and wheat crop. The field experiment was conducted with different levels of SS (15, 30, and 45 t ha−1) alone and in combination with 100% and 50% recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF). The findings indicated that the addition of SS (45 t ha−1) alone and in combination with inorganic fertilizers increased heavy metal accumulation in grain and straw of rice–wheat system and also led to enhanced DTPA-extractable metal content in post-harvest soil. Heavy metal concentrations in crops (except Cr content in straw) and soil stay below the phytotoxic limits in all treatments. However, total Cd in the soil exceeds the permissible limit with the sole application of SS beyond 30 t ha−1. This study admitted that one-time application of SS at the lower dose and reaping its benefits in subsequent crops can be an effective strategy of SS utilization in rice–wheat system.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the impact of domestic sewage sludge (SS) on yield parameters and soil nutrient status under the pearl millet-wheat system using saline irrigation was evaluated.
Abstract: The present two-year experiment (2017-19) evaluated the impact of domestic sewage sludge (SS) on yield parameters and soil nutrient status under the pearl millet-wheat system using saline irrigation. The field study consisted of three irrigation treatments [canal water (0.35 dS/m); saline water (8 and 10 dS/m)], and five fertilizer treatments [control, SS (5 t/ha), SS (5 t/ha)+50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), SS (5 t/ha)+75% RDF and 100% RDF]. The results revealed a significant reduction in the biological yield and yield attributes, and protein content of both crops with increasing salinity levels of irrigation water during both the years. However, all these parameters recorded significantly highest values under 100% RDF which was statistically at par with SS (5 t/ha) + 75% RDF treatment. The soil available sulphur (S) was significantly increased with 8 and 10 dS/m EC of saline water over canal water (0.35 dS/m) irrigation. But, SS (5 t/ha) + 75% RDF obtained 36.7 and 22.3% higher available S over control and 100% RDF, respectively. No significant effects were made in DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, and Cu) with saline irrigation except Zn, which was reduced under saline environment. SS added treatments obtained higher micronutrient concentration over control. Hence, SS incorporation has proven useful in sustainable crop production and improved micronutrient availability in the soil.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors described some basic factors involved in the penetration process of foliar sprays in olive (Olea europaea L.) trees, with the aim of clarifying the constraints, opportunities, and future perspectives of sprays to cure olive tree nutrient deficiencies and, hence, both increase the yield and improve the fruit quality.
Abstract: The application of nutrient solutions to the foliage of plants is an alternative means to fertilise crops. Foliar fertilisation is used to overcome the disadvantages of soil applications. Variable plant responses to these foliar fertilisation spray solutions have often been described in the literature. However, knowledge about the penetration mechanisms, the role of a leaf-applied inorganic or organic solution, and the results obtained by its application is still limited. The complex character of the factors determining the effects of sprays hinders the development of suitable foliar fertilisation strategies, applicable under variable local conditions and for various plant types. This review describes some basic factors involved in the penetration process of foliar sprays in olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. Chemistry, leaf penetration, and plant nutrition principles will be merged with the aim of clarifying the constraints, opportunities, and future perspectives of sprays to cure olive tree nutrient deficiencies and, hence, both increase the yield and improve the fruit quality.
References
More filters
TL;DR: WALKLEY as discussed by the authors presented an extension of the DEGTJAas discussed by the authorsF METHOD for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD.
Abstract: AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD A. WALKLEY;I. BLACK; Soil Science
17,132 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Soil chemical analysis, Soil Chemical Analysis (SCA), this paper, is a technique for soil chemical analysis that is used in the field of Soil Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.
Abstract: Soil chemical analysis , Soil chemical analysis , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
13,439 citations
Book•
07 Oct 2018
10,515 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The Biosphere The Anthroposphere Soils and Soil Processes Weathering Processes Pedogenic Processes Soil Constituents Trace Elements Minerals Organic Matter Organisms in Soils Trace Elements in Plants.
Abstract: Chapter 1 The Biosphere Chapter 2 The Anthroposphere Introduction Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil Plants Chapter 3 Soils and Soil Processes Introduction Weathering Processes Pedogenic Processes Chapter 4 Soil Constituents Introduction Trace Elements Minerals Organic Matter Organisms in Soils Chapter 5 Trace Elements in Plants Introduction Absorption Translocation Availability Essentiality and Deficiency Toxicity and Tolerance Speciation Interaction Chapter 6 Elements of Group 1 (Previously Group Ia) Introduction Lithium Rubidium Cesium Chapter 7 Elements of Group 2 (Previously Group IIa) Beryllium Strontium Barium Radium Chapter 8 Elements of Group 3 (Previously Group IIIb) Scandium Yttrium Lanthanides Actinides Chapter 9 Elements of Group 4 (Previously Group IVb) Titanium Zirconium Hafnium Chapter 10 Elements of Group 5 (Previously Group Vb) Vanadium Niobium Tantalum Chapter 11 Elements of Group 6 (Previously Group VIb) Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Chapter 12 Elements of Group 7 (Previously Group VIIb) Manganese Technetium Rhenium Chapter 13 Elements of Group 8 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Iron Ruthenium Osmium Chapter 14 Elements of Group 9 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Cobalt Rhodium Iridium Chapter 15 Elements of Group 10 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Nickel Palladium Platinum Chapter 16 Elements of Group 11 (Previously Group Ib) Copper Silver Gold Chapter 17 Trace Elements of Group 12 (Previously of Group IIb) Zinc Cadmium Mercury Chapter 18 Elements of Group 13 (Previously Group IIIa) Boron Aluminum Gallium Indium Thallium Chapter 19 Elements of Group I4 (Previously Group IVa) Silicon Germanium Tin Lead Chapter 20 Elements of Group 15 (Previously Group Va) Arsenic Antimony Bismuth Chapter 21 Elements of Group 16 (Previously Group VIa) Selenium Tellurium Polonium Chapter 22 Elements of Group 17 (Previously Group VIIa) Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
9,739 citations
TL;DR: A DTPA soil test was developed to identify near-neutral and calcareous soils with insufficient available Zn, Fe, Mn, or Cu for maximum yields of crops.
Abstract: A DTPA soil test was developed to identify near-neutral and calcareous soils with insufficient available Zn, Fe, Mn, or Cu for maximum yields of crops. The extractant consists of 0.005M DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), 0.1M triethanolamine, and 0.01M CaCl₂, with a pH of 7.3. The soil test consists of shaking 10 g of air-dry soil with 20 ml of extractant for 2 hours. The leachate is filtered, and Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu are measured in the filtrate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The soil test successfully separated 77 Colorado soils on the basis of crop response to Zn, Fe, and Mn fertilizers. Critical nutrient levels must be determined separately for each crop using standardized procedures for soil preparation, grinding, and extraction. The critical levels for corn using the procedures reported herein were: 0.8 ppm for Zn, 4.5 ppm for Fe, and tentatively 1.0 ppm for Mn, and 0.2 ppm for Cu. Development of the soil test was based, in part, on theoretical considerations. The extractant is buffered at pH 7.30 and contains CaCl₂ so that equilibrium with CaCO₃ is established at a CO₂ level about 10 times that of the atmosphere. Thus, the extractant precludes dissolution of CaCO₃ and the release of occluded nutrients which are normally not available to plants. DTPA was selected as the chelating agent because it can effectively extract all four micronutrient metals. Factors such as pH, concentration of chelating agent, time of shaking, and temperature of extraction affect the amount of micronutrients extracted and were adjusted for maximum overall effectiveness.
8,083 citations