Shape memory performance of green in situ polymerized nanocomposites based on polyurethane/graphene nanoplatelets: Synthesis, properties, and cell behavior
TL;DR: In this paper, a biocompatible polyurethane/graphene nanoplatelet (PU/GNp) nanocomposites were synthesized from poly(e-caprolactone)diol (PCL diol)/Castor oil and Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) through in situ polymerization.
Abstract: Nowadays, developing biocompatible shape memory polymers is among major expanding topics in medical applications. In this study, novel biocompatible polyurethane/graphene nanoplatelet (PU/GNp) nanocomposites were synthesized from poly(e–caprolactone)diol (PCL diol)/Castor oil and Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) through in situ polymerization. Three different %wt. of GNp were incorporated into the polyol mixtures to monitor the effect of nano fillers on the shape memory behavior of PUs. The chemical structure of nanocomposites was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to evaluate the nanocomposites properties. GNp incorporation affected the bulk morphology as well as thermal properties and crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed the higher elastic modulus values for nanocomposites compared to the pure PU. The biocompatibility of PU/GNp nanocomposites was investigated via MTT assay. Finally, based on shape memory studies, the higher crystallinity, and improved elastic modulus of the nanocomposites resulted in their excellent shape fixity (about 91-96%) and shape recovery (95-99%) behaviors. According to the results, the prepared PU/GNp nanocomposites can be considered as potential choices for applicable shape memory devices for biomedical applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
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TL;DR: Graphene is the first 2D crystal ever isolated by mankind as discussed by the authors, and it consists of a single graphite layer, and its exceptional properties enable applications ranging from energy harvesting and electronic skin to reinforced plastic materials.
Abstract: Graphene is the first 2D crystal ever isolated by mankind. It consists of a single graphite layer, and its exceptional properties are revolutionizing material science. However, there is still a lack of convenient mass-production methods to obtain defect-free monolayer graphene. In contrast, graphene nanoplatelets, hybrids between graphene and graphite, are already industrially available. Such nanomaterials are attractive, considering their planar structure, light weight, high aspect ratio, electrical conductivity, low cost, and mechanical toughness. These diverse features enable applications ranging from energy harvesting and electronic skin to reinforced plastic materials. This review presents progress in composite materials with graphene nanoplatelets applied, among others, in the field of flexible electronics and motion and structural sensing. Particular emphasis is given to applications such as antennas, flexible electrodes for energy devices, and strain sensors. A separate discussion is included on advanced biodegradable materials reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. A discussion of the necessary steps for the further spread of graphene nanoplatelets is provided for each revised field.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the development and characterization of graphene-based electroconductive materials for biomedical applications, and comparison of fabrication methods of the materials to the 3D scaffold were compared.
Abstract: Developing smart biomaterials with tailor-made properties is a key factor to successful tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were 1) development and characterization of graphene (G) based electroconductive materials for biomedical applications, 2) comparison of fabrication methods of the materials to the 3D scaffold. G has superior mechanical and biochemical properties as well as conductive. Multilayer G flakes were homogeneously dispersed into the polyurethane (PU) at 0.1, 2, 5, and 10 wt% concentrations. The PU/G were fabricated as membranes using electrospinning and solvent casting. The membranes were characterized for their electrical, mechanical, physiochemical, and biological properties. The electroconductivity of the electrospun mats was significantly higher than related casting films and G acted as electrical bridges leading to the improved electroconductivity of the composites. The mechanical properties of the mats were higher than those of the films and improved by increasing G concentration up to 5 wt% and then reduced. The cellular studies using fibroblast and endothelial cells revealed the potentials of composites to support attachment, spreading and proliferation of cells. It seems likely much higher cell supporting behavior of mats is attributed due to surface topography. It is envisioned that the offered nanofibrous electroconductive PU/G composites might have a potential application in tissue engineering.
79 citations
TL;DR: This review is intensely focused on the most recent research on microstructure-property of SMPCs filled by different carbon and silicate-based nano/micro-particles as well as hybrid particles.
67 citations
TL;DR: PAA/XG/GO hydrogels can be introduced as an eco-friendly adsorbent with high efficiency for the removal of cationic dye pollutions and had a significant effect on methylene blue adsorption.
49 citations
TL;DR: This review is particularly unique in that it included discussions on the various fabrication techniques for SMP composites including their merits and demerits which, to the best of the knowledge, is the first review to include such discussion, thus making it a complete reference material.
Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have received immense attention from materials research community thanks to their unrivaled properties such as high recoverable strains (up to 400%), low weight, tailorable properties, easy processing, and multiple activation methods. Researchers in both academia and industry have been proposing, experimenting, analyzing, and reporting on various aspects of these materials from synthesis to their applications. Such efforts have led to skyrocketing research output in terms of published papers, especially in the last half a decade. Despite the flourishing research, numerous challenges that hinder advanced applications still exist with the predominant one being the low mechanical properties. To circumvent these challenges, various types of reinforcements have been utilized, leading to significant enhancements and widened potential applications. This work presents an overview of the present research on active composites. Areas covered include the background of SMPs, reinforcements, fabrication techniques, stimulus methods, and applications. Our review is particularly unique in that we included discussions on the various fabrication techniques for SMP composites including their merits and demerits which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first review to include such discussion, thus making it a complete reference material.
43 citations
Cites background or methods from "Shape memory performance of green i..."
...[284] incorporated polyurethane-based SMP with graphene nanoplatelets using in situ polymerization....
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...[284] Abbasi A, Sadeghi GMM, Ghasemi I, Shahrousvand M...
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References
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TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
Abstract: Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.
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TL;DR: It is discussed how the described shape-memory polymers show great potential for diverse applications, including in the medical arena, sensors, and actuators, and as dictated by macromolecular details.
Abstract: Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted significant attention from both industrial and academic researchers due to their useful and fascinating functionality. This review thoroughly examines progress in shape-memory polymers, including the very recent past, achieved by numerous groups around the world and our own research group. Considering all of the shape-memory polymers reviewed, we identify a classification scheme wherein nearly all SMPs may be associated with one of four classes in accordance with their shape fixing and recovering mechanisms and as dictated by macromolecular details. We discuss how the described shape-memory polymers show great potential for diverse applications, including in the medical arena, sensors, and actuators.
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TL;DR: Shape-memory polymers as discussed by the authors are an emerging class of active polymers that can change their shape in a predefined way from shape A to shape B when exposed to an appropriate stimulus.
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TL;DR: Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) undergo significant macroscopic deformation upon the application of an external stimulus (e.g., heat, electricity, light, magnetism, moisture and even a change in pH value).
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