Shear stress limit, rheological properties and compressive strength of cement-based grout modified with polymers
01 Dec 2020-Vol. 5, Iss: 1, pp 1-17
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of two types of water reducer [polycarboxylate (PCE)] polymer on the rheological properties with the ultimate shear strength and compressive strength of cement-based grout with water-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.6 and 1.0 at two different temperatures 25°C and 50°C were studied.
Abstract: Grouting is a comprehensive technology used in the construction projects due to the rapid development of sub-surface urban infrastructures, the main reasons for grouting soils are strengthened the cohesion-less soils and increasing the shear stress (pure shear) of the grouted soils. Providing high flowability with high viscosity for the cement-based grout in the liquid stage (slurry) and high compressive strength of the cement-based grout in the hardened stage are significant challenges. In this study, the impact of two types of water reducer [polycarboxylate (PCE)] polymer on the rheological properties with the ultimate shear strength and compressive strength of cement-based grout with water-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.6 and 1.0 at two different temperatures 25 °C and 50 °C were studied. XRD and TGA were used to analysis the cement, polymers, and cement modified with polymers. The behavior of cement-based grout in the liquid phase (slurry) and hardened phase modified with different percentages of polymer up to 0.16% (by dry weight of cement) were investigated. The compressive strength of cement-based grout modified with polymer was tested from the young age up to 28 days of curing. Vipulanandan rheological model was used to predict the shear stress-shear strain behavior of cement-based grout slurry and compared to the Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model. The rheological and the compressive strength are increased with increasing the of PCE content. The polymer modification increased the yield stress, apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity of the cement grout by 19–136%, 32–319% and 58–367%, respectively based on the types of polymer, polymer content, w/c, and temperature. The compressive strength of the cement-based grout increased by 94–786% based on the types of polymer, polymer content, w/c and curing time. Increasing the temperature of cement-based grout slurry to 50 °C increased the maximum shear stresses by 110% and 107%, respectively. Effects of polymer content, w/c, curing time and the temperature of the plastic and hardened properties of cement-grout were modeled using a multiple nonlinear regression analysis.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the compressive strength of concrete mixtures with high volume fly ash (HVFA) has been evaluated and modeled for the LEED (Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design).
Abstract: Advances in technology and environmental issues allow the building industry to use ever more high-performance engineered materials. In this study, the hardness of concrete mixtures with high-volume fly ash (HVFA) has been evaluated and modeled for the LEED (Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design). High-performance building materials may have greater strength, ductility, external factor resistance, more environmentally sustainable construction, and lower cost than conventional building materials. To overcome the mentioned matter, this study aims to establish systematic multiscale models to predict the compressive strength of concrete mixes containing a high volume of fly ash (HVFA) and to be used by the construction industry with no theoretical restrictions. For that purpose, a wide experimental data (a total of 450 tested HVFA concrete mixes) from different academic research studies have been statically analyzed and modeled. For that purpose, Linear, Nonlinear Regressions, Multi-logistic Regression, M5P-tree, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technical approaches were used for the qualifications. In the modeling process, most relevant parameters affecting the strength of concrete, i.e. fly ash (class C and F) incorporation ratio (0–80% of cement's mass), water-to-binder ratio (0.27–0.58), and gravel, sand, cement contents and curing ages (3–365 days). According to the correlation coefficient (R) and the root mean square error, the compressive strength of HVFA concrete can be well predicted in terms of w/b, fly ash, cement, sand, and gravel densities, and curing time using various simulation techniques. Among the used approaches and based on the training data set, the model made based on the ANN, M5P-tree, and Non-linear regression models seem to be the most reliable models. The results of this study suggest that the M5Ptree-based model is performing better than other applied models using training and testing datasets. The maximum and minimum percentage of error between the actual test results and the outcome of the prediction using MLR, LR, M5P-tree, and ANN were 0.03–43%, 0.03–54%, 0.04–33%, and 0.03–41% respectively. Based on the outcomes from the models and statistical assessments such as coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE), the models M5P-tree, ANN, and MLR respectively were predicted the compressive strength of the HVFA concrete very well with a high value of R2 and low values of MAE and RMSE based on the comparison with experimental data. The sensitivity investigation concludes that the curing time is the most dominating parameter for the prediction of the compressive strength of HVFA concrete with this data set.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the compressive strength of concrete bricks with fly ash incorporation ratio (C and F) and water-to-binder ratio (0.235-1.2), and curing ages (1-365 days) is predicted using a multiscale model.
Abstract: This study aims to establish systematic multiscale models to predict the compressive strength of cement mortar containing a high volume of fly ash (FA) and to be used by the construction industry with no theoretical restrictions. For that purpose, a wide experimental data (a total of 450 tested cement mortar modified with FA) from different academic research studies have been statically analyzed and modeled. For that purpose, Linear and Nonlinear regression, M5P-tree, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technical approaches were used for the qualifications. In the modeling process, most relevant parameters affecting the strength of cement mortar, i.e. fly ash (class C and F) incorporation ratio (0−70% of cement's mass), water-to-binder ratio (0.235–1.2), and curing ages (1–365 days). According to the correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error and the root mean a square error, the compressive strength of cement mortar can be well predicted in terms of w/b, fly ash, and curing time using various simulation techniques. The results of this study suggest that the Non-linear regression-based model (NLR) and ANN are performing better than other applied models using training and testing datasets. The sensitivity investigation concludes that the curing time is the most dominating parameter for the prediction of the compressive strength of cement mortar with this data set.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of nano-silica (NS) as an additive to the Ordinary Portland Cement was evaluated and quantified using non-linear regression (NLR) based model.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of nano-silica (NS) as an additive to Ordinary Portland Cement was evaluated and quantified using a non-linear regression (NLR) based model.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of nano-silica (NS) as an additive to Ordinary Portland Cement was evaluated and quantified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the cement and NS contents. Experimental tests and modeling were conducted to quantify and predict the rheological properties of the cement in the liquid phase such as yield stress, maximum shear strength, plastic viscosity, and mechanical behavior such as compressive strength of cement after hardening. The cement modified with NS was tested at water-to-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.35 and 0.45 and temperatures ranging from 25 to 75 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TGA were used to analyze the cement, nano-silica, and cement modified with nano-silica. The behavior of cement paste in the liquid phase (slurry) and hardened phase modified with different percentages of nano-silica up to 1% (by dry weight of cement) was investigated. The compressive strength of cement paste modified with nano-silica was tested from a young age up to 28 days of curing. Non-linear regression (NLR) based model was used to assess the effect of nano-silica on the rheological properties and compressive strength of cement. Replacing the cement with nano-silica substantially reduced the volume of Ca(OH)2. TGA tests showed that the 1% nano-silica additive leads to low cement weight loss up to 800 °C due to the de-carbonation of CaCO3 in the hydrated compound and due to interacting the NS with the cement. The addition of NS increased the ultimate shear strength (τmax) and the yield stress (τo) by 15% to 53% and 23% to 186%, respectively based on the NS content, w/c, and temperature. An additional 1% of NS the compressive strength increased of the cement hardened by 15.1% to 72% based on the curing period, and w/c. Based on the model parameters and the experimental performance, the nano-silica is the most effective parameter in improving the properties of cement in both liquid and hardened phases.
36 citations
TL;DR: The sensitivity investigation concludes that the curing time is the most dominating parameter for the prediction of the maximum stress (compression strength) of concrete with this dataset.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of two water-reducer polymers with smooth and rough surfaces on the workability, and the compression strength of concrete from an early age (1 day) up to 28 days of curing was investigated. The polymer contents used in this study varied from 0 to 0.25% (wt%). The initial ratio between water and cement (
$$ \frac{w}{c} $$
) was 60%, and it slowly reduced to 0.46 by increasing the polymer contents. The compression strength of concrete was increased significantly with increasing the polymer contents by 24–95% depending on the polymer type, polymer content, $$ \frac{w}{c} $$
, and curing age. Because of a fiber net (netting) in the concrete when the polymers were added which leads to a decrease void between the particles, binding the cement particles, therefore, increased rapidly the viscosity for the fresh concrete and the compression strength of the hardened concrete. This study also aims to establish systematic multiscale models to predict the compression strength of concrete containing polymers and to be used by the construction projects with no theoretical restrictions. For that purpose, 88 concrete samples modified with two types of polymer (44 samples for each modification) has been tested, analyzed, and modeled. Linear, nonlinear regression, M5P-tree, and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches were used for the qualifications. In the modeling process, the most relevant parameters affect the strength of concrete, i.e., polymer incorporation ratio (0–0.25% of cement’s mass), water-to-cement ratio (0.46–0.6), and curing ages (1–28 days). Among the used approaches and based on the training data set, the model made based on the nonlinear regression, ANN, and M5P-tree models seem to be the most reliable models. The sensitivity investigation concludes that the curing time is the most dominating parameter for the prediction of the maximum stress (compression strength) of concrete with this dataset.
33 citations
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