Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study
01 Oct 2011-International Journal of Obesity (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 35, Iss: 10, pp 1308-1317
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured anthropometric data, sleep duration, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and/or inadequate food habits underlie the association of short sleep duration with excess adiposity.
Abstract: Adequate sleep is a critical factor for adolescent's health and health-related behaviors. (a) to describe sleep duration in European adolescents from nine countries, (b) to assess the association of short sleep duration with excess adiposity and (c) to elucidate if physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and/or inadequate food habits underlie this association. A sample of 3311 adolescents (1748 girls) aged 12.5–17.49 years from 10 European cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden was assessed in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Study between 2006 and 2008. We measured anthropometric data, sleep duration, PA (accelerometers and questionnaire), television watching and food habits (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Average duration of daily sleep was 8 h. Shorter sleepers showed higher values of BMI, body fat, waist and hip circumferences and fat mass index (P<0.05), particularly in females. Adolescents who slept <8 h per day were more sedentary, as assessed by accelerometry, and spent more time watching TV (P<0.05). The proportion of adolescents who eat adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables and fish was lower in shorter sleepers than in adolescents who slept ⩾8 h per day, and so was the probability of having adequate food habits (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that short sleep is associated with higher obesity parameters. In European adolescents, short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity markers, particularly in female adolescents. This association seems to be related to both sides of the energy balance equation due to a combination of increased food intake and more sedentary habits.
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Abstract: New charts for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity are presented for clinical (as opposed to population survey) use. They are based on longitudinal-type growth curves, using the same data as in the British 1965 growth standards. In the velocity standards centiles are given for children who are early- and late-maturing as well as for those who mature at the average age (thus extending the use of the previous charts). Limits of normality for the age of occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt are given and also for the successive stages of penis, testes, and pubic hair development in boys, and for stages of breast and pubic hair development in girls.
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TL;DR: In this study, 12 young, healthy, normal-weight men exhibited reductions in the satiety hormone leptin, increases in the hunger hormone ghrelin, and increases in hunger after 2 nights of only 4 hours of sleep compared with after two nights of 10 hours ofSleep, suggesting inadequate sleep seems to influence the hormones that regulate satiety and hunger.
Abstract: Sleep-deprived healthy persons experience increased hunger. They also have increased blood levels of leptin and decreased levels of ghrelin (hormones that regulate satiety and hunger). These hormon...
2,178 citations
TL;DR: Differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite, possibly explaining the increased BMI observed with short sleep duration, and changes in appetite regulatory hormones with sleep curtailment may contribute to obesity.
Abstract: Background Sleep duration may be an important regulator of body weight and metabolism. An association between short habitual sleep time and increased body mass index (BMI) has been reported in large population samples. The potential role of metabolic hormones in this association is unknown. Methods and Findings Study participants were 1,024 volunteers from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a population-based longitudinal study of sleep disorders. Participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography and reported on their sleep habits through questionnaires and sleep diaries. Following polysomnography, morning, fasted blood samples were evaluated for serum leptin and ghrelin (two key opposing hormones in appetite regulation), adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Relationships among these measures, BMI, and sleep duration (habitual and immediately prior to blood sampling) were examined using multiple variable regressions with control for confounding factors. A U-shaped curvilinear association between sleep duration and BMI was observed. In persons sleeping less than 8 h (74.4% of the sample), increased BMI was proportional to decreased sleep. Short sleep was associated with low leptin (p for slope = 0.01), with a predicted 15.5% lower leptin for habitual sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, and high ghrelin (p for slope = 0.008), with a predicted 14.9% higher ghrelin for nocturnal (polysomnographic) sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, independent of BMI.
2,111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess whether the evidence supports the presence of a relationship between short sleep duration and obesity at different ages, and to obtain a quantitative estimate of the risk in order to assess the consistency and potential public health relevance.
Abstract: IN THE LAST FEW DECADES THERE HAS BEEN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WORLDWIDE AND THE WORLD HEALTH organization has declared it a global epidemic.1 Obesity in childhood is a cause of psychosocial problems including low self esteem,2 and frequently continues into adulthood3 where it is a cause of major morbidity and mortality including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. At the same time there has been a reduction in sleep time. National surveys in USA have shown a decline in self-reported sleep duration over the past 50 years by 1.5 to 2 hours.4 This sleep curtailment has been attributed to lifestyle changes.
Several studies have reported associations between duration of sleep (short as well as long) and ill-health, including relationships with self-reported well-being,5 morbidity and mortality,6–12 and with chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, hypertension, and obesity.13–18 The associations between short duration of sleep and obesity, in particular, have stimulated a debate given the potential implications for children19,20 as well as adults.21,22 However, given the variety of studies and the large differences in the target populations, it is difficult to draw immediate conclusions on the consistency of the association, the direction of causality and the likely mechanisms involved. The aims of this article are to (i) systematically review published population-based studies, (ii) to carry out a meta-analysis to assess whether the evidence supports the presence of a relationship between short sleep duration and obesity at different ages, and (iii) to obtain a quantitative estimate of the risk in order to assess the consistency and potential public health relevance
1,809 citations