Side-chain amino-acid-based polymers: self-assembly and bioapplications
About: This article is published in Polymer International.The article was published on 2021-08-10. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Side chain.
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TL;DR: In this article , the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated in the hyperbranched poly L-lysine citramid (HBPLC) and a new photoluminescent and magnetic nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of Doxorubicin (DOX).
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the topological effects of grafted triblock copolymers on the morphologies and micro-phase separation microstructures of micelles, including block arrangements and grafting arrangements of hydrophobic side chains, are systematically studied.
Abstract: Polymer micelles with distinct morphologies and unique microphase separation microstructures can exhibit different properties and functions, holding great promise for a range of biomedical applications. In the current work, the topological effects of grafted triblock copolymers on the morphologies and microphase separation microstructures of micelles, including block arrangements and grafting arrangements of hydrophobic side chains, are systematically studied. Using common copolymer components of typical drug carriers, micelles with interesting geometries are achieved, such as raspberry, multicompartment, ellipsoidal and dumbbell shapes, in which the relationship between micelle morphology and copolymer topology is verified. With further exploration of the grafting position and amount of hydrophobic side chains, the microstructure influencing mechanism of copolymer micelles in self-assembly is discussed. The block arrangements of hydrophobic side chains determine the configurations of copolymers (zigzag/bridge) inside micelles, which in turn affect the morphological transitions (from spherical to ringed short-rods and then to cylinders) and the size of the hydrophobic ring, which further gradually change into hydrophobic cage. This study provides insight into the microstructure of hydrophobic side chain grafted copolymer micelles and further helps to understand the mechanism of controlling the morphology of micelles, which might be useful to guide the molecular design and experimental preparation of micelles with controllable morphology for drug encapsulation and delivery.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors have designed and synthesized poly(methacrylate) based organogelators having co-tethered fatty acid (stearic acid) and l/d-amino acid (l/d -valine) side chains, and explored their role in thermal-induced gelation in various hydrocarbon solvents, mainly in tetradecane and heptane.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the solvation structure and dynamics of amides, having differing N-alkyl groups, are investigated using a combination of linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopies and computational methods.
Abstract: Amide-water interactions influence the structure and functions of amide-based systems, such as proteins and homopolymers. In particular, the N-alkylation of the amide unit appears to play a critical role in defining the interactions of the amide group. Previous studies have linked the thermal behavior of amide-based polymers to the nature of their N-alkyl side chain. However, the connection between the chemical structure of the N-alkyl and the hydration of the amide remains elusive. In this study, the solvation structure and dynamics of amides, having differing N-alkyl groups, are investigated using a combination of linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopies and computational methods. Interestingly, the dynamics of the amide local environment do not slow down as the N-alkyl side chain becomes bulkier, but rather speeds up. Computational calculations confirm the hydration dynamics and assign the effect to smaller amplitude and faster rotations of the bulkier group. It is also observed experimentally that the hydrogen-bond making and breaking between water and the amide carbonyl do not directly relate to the size of the N-alkyl side chain. The bulkier N-isopropyl substituent presents significantly slower chemical exchange dynamics than smaller chains (ethyl and methyl), but the two small groups do not present a major difference. The hydrogen-bond making and breaking disparities and similarities among groups are well modeled by the theory demonstrating that the N-alkyl group affects the amide hydration structure and dynamics via a steric effect. In summary, the results presented here show that the size of the N-substituted alkyl group significantly influences the hydration dynamics of amides and stress the importance of considering this effect on much larger systems, such as polymers.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a concise highlight on the recent trends (2015-present) of the synthesis and utilization of pendant amino acid-based polymeric architectures, and their recent utilization in drug and gene delivery, antibacterial activity, anti-fouling activity, heavy metal ion sensing, tissue engineering, etc.
Abstract: Abstract Amino acids, the natural building blocks of life, are highly functional small molecules with chirality and important catalytic properties. Imparting the exquisite properties of amino acids into the macromolecules allows us to prepare unique, well-defined, biocompatible, functional, and tailorable materials. They exhibit stimuli responsiveness, tunable optical characteristics, enhanced thermal, mechanical, and biological properties with desired cell-materials interactions. Considering the salient features and diverse applications of side-chain amino acid-containing polymers, in this feature article, we present a concise highlight on the recent trends (2015–present) of the synthesis and utilization of pendant amino acid-based polymeric architectures. This article covers the synthesis of different classes of side-chain amino acid-derived polymeric architectures, and their recent utilization in drug and gene delivery, antibacterial activity, anti-fouling activity, heavy metal ion sensing, tissue engineering, etc. We hope that this study will provide a comprehensive outline of key aspects associated with the construction of functional ‘bio-inspired’ polymeric materials with desired characteristics, and their enhanced potential applications. Graphical Abstract
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: The majority of examples, discussed in this paper, deal with pH-responsive drug delivery system, and Thermo-responsive polymer is also covered to a large extent, as well as double-responsive system.
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TL;DR: Mixed-charge materials have been shown to be equivalent to zwitterionic materials in resisting nonspecific protein adsorption when they are uniformly mixed at the molecular scale.
Abstract: In recent years, zwitterionic materials such as poly(carboxybetaine) (pCB) and poly(sulfobetaine) (pSB) have been applied to a broad range of biomedical and engineering materials. Due to electrostatically induced hydration, surfaces coated with zwitterionic groups are highly resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation. Among zwitterionic materials, pCB is unique due to its abundant functional groups for the convenient immobilization of biomolecules. pCB can also be prepared in a hydrolyzable form as cationic pCB esters, which can kill bacteria or condense DNA. The hydrolysis of cationic pCB esters into nonfouling zwitterionic groups will lead to the release of killed microbes or the irreversible unpackaging of DNA. Furthermore, mixed-charge materials have been shown to be equivalent to zwitterionic materials in resisting nonspecific protein adsorption when they are uniformly mixed at the molecular scale.
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TL;DR: This work aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, which aims to provide real-time information about the physical properties of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization.
Abstract: Department of Chemistry, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Bioengineering Graduate Program, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of organoclay quantity on the structural, swelling, physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite hydrogel wound dressing was investigated and the results showed that the nanocomposition hydrogels could meet the essential requirements for the reasonable wound dressing with some desirable characteristics such as relatively good swelling, appreciated vapour transmission rate, excellent barrierity against microbe penetration and mechanical property.
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TL;DR: This review will discuss recent advances in the field of injectable hydrogels, including both synthetic and native polymeric materials, which can be potentially used in cartilage and soft tissue engineering applications.
Abstract: Hydrogels have many different applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Biodegradable, injectable hydrogels could be utilized as delivery systems, cell carriers, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Injectable hydrogels are an appealing scaffold because they are structurally similar to the extracellular matrix of many tissues, can often be processed under relatively mild conditions, and may be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. This review will discuss recent advances in the field of injectable hydrogels, including both synthetic and native polymeric materials, which can be potentially used in cartilage and soft tissue engineering applications.
539 citations