Significance of biogenic amines to food safety and human health
TL;DR: The toxicity of biogenic amines to chicks in terms of loss of weight and mortality was also reported as mentioned in this paper, and the toxicity of histamine appeared to be enhanced by the presence of other amines such as cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine.
About: This article is published in Food Research International.The article was published on 1996-10-01. It has received 1148 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biogenic amine & Cadaverine.
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TL;DR: The DNA-based methods that are available to detect/quantify spoilage bacteria, and relevant metabolic pathways in cheeses are reviewed and it is highlighted how these strategies can be employed to improve cheese quality and reduce the associated economic burden on cheese processors.
Abstract: The microbial profile of cheese is a primary determinant of cheese quality. Microorganisms can contribute to aroma and taste defects, form biogenic amines, cause gas and secondary fermentation defects, and can contribute to cheese pinking and mineral deposition issues. These defects may be as a result of seasonality and the variability in the composition of the milk supplied, variations in cheese processing parameters, as well as the nature and number of the non-starter microorganisms which come from the milk or other environmental sources. Such defects can be responsible for production and product recall costs and thus represent a significant economic burden for the dairy industry worldwide. Traditional non-molecular approaches are often considered biased and have inherently slow turnaround times. Molecular techniques can provide early and rapid detection of defects that result from the presence of specific spoilage microbes and, ultimately, assist in enhancing cheese quality and reducing costs. Here we review the DNA-based methods that are available to detect/quantify spoilage bacteria, and relevant metabolic pathways in cheeses and, in the process, highlight how these strategies can be employed to improve cheese quality and reduce the associated economic burden on cheese processors.
1,437 citations
Cites background from "Significance of biogenic amines to ..."
...Individuals that are susceptible to adverse reactions following BA ingestion include those prescribed antidepressant drugs classed as monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs (Santos, 1996; Shalaby, 1996; Bover-Cid and Holzapfel, 1999; Innocente et al., 2007; Spano et al., 2010) or those with an impaired detoxification system....
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...BAs and corresponding amino acids include: histamine (histidine), tyramine (tyrosine), tryptamine (tryptophan), putrescine (ornithine), cadaverine (lysine), and β-phenylethylamine (phenylalanine) (Shalaby, 1996)....
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...These amines can exhibit a toxic effect, with reports that histamine concentrations as low as 20 mg/kg cheese can elicit an adverse reaction in some humans (Shalaby, 1996; Novella-Rodriguez et al., 2003)....
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...In cheese, biogenic amines are generally produced by the non-starter microorganisms (Stratton et al., 1991; Shalaby, 1996; Spano et al., 2010)....
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...They affect both the vascular and nervous systems (Spano et al., 2010), with ingestion in susceptible individuals causing a diverse range of symptoms including headache, cardiac palpitations, localized inflammation, nausea, vomiting, and hyper/hypotension (Shalaby, 1996) (Figure 1)....
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TL;DR: Until the identity, levels and potency of possible potentiators and/or mast-cell-degranulating factors are elucidated, it is difficult to establish regulatory limits for histamine in foods on the basis of potential health hazard.
657 citations
TL;DR: The analysis of biogenic amines (BA) in foods was reviewed in this paper, where the analytical methods used for quantification of BA are mainly based on chromatographic methods: thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).
628 citations
01 Jan 2011
614 citations
TL;DR: Current knowledge of how macronutrient metabolism by the gut microbiome influences human health is summarized and knowledge gaps that could contribute to the understanding of overall human wellness will be identified.
Abstract: The human gut microbiome is a critical component of digestion, breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and to a lesser extent fats that reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. This process results in a multitude of microbial metabolites that can act both locally and systemically (after being absorbed into the bloodstream). The impact of these biochemicals on human health is complex, as both potentially beneficial and potentially toxic metabolites can be yielded from such microbial pathways, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the metabolite concentration or organ locality. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of how macronutrient metabolism by the gut microbiome influences human health. Metabolites to be discussed include short-chain fatty acids and alcohols (mainly yielded from monosaccharides); ammonia, branched-chain fatty acids, amines, sulfur compounds, phenols, and indoles (derived from amino acids); glycerol and choline derivatives (obtained from the breakdown of lipids); and tertiary cycling of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Key microbial taxa and related disease states will be referred to in each case, and knowledge gaps that could contribute to our understanding of overall human wellness will be identified.
594 citations
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TL;DR: The efficacy of antihistamine therapy, the allergic-like symptomology, and the finding of high levels of histamine in the implicated food suggest strongly that histamine is the causative agent, however, histamines ingested with spoiled fish appears to be much more toxic than histamine ingested in an aqueous solution.
Abstract: Histamine poisoning can result from the ingestion of food containing unusually high levels of histamine. Fish are most commonly involved in incidents of histamine poisoning, although cheese has also been implicated on occasion. The historic involvement of tuna and mackerel in histamine poisoning led to the longtime usage of the term, scombroid fish poisoning, to describe this food-borne illness. Histamine poisoning is characterized by a short incubation period, a short duration, and symptoms resembling those associated with allergic reactions. The evidence supporting the role of histamine as the causative agent is compelling. The efficacy of antihistamine therapy, the allergic-like symptomology, and the finding of high levels of histamine in the implicated food suggest strongly that histamine is the causative agent. However, histamine ingested with spoiled fish appears to be much more toxic than histamine ingested in an aqueous solution. The presence of potentiators of histamine toxicity in the spoiled fish may account for this difference in toxicity. Several potentiators including other putrefactive amines such as putrescine and cadaverine have been identified. Pharmacologic potentiators may also exist; aminoguanidine and isoniazid are examples. The mechanism of action of these potentiators appears to be the inhibition of intestinal histamine-metabolizing enzymes. This enzyme inhibition causes a decrease in histamine detoxification in the intestinal mucosa and results in increased intestinal uptake and urinary excretion of unmetabolized histamine.
681 citations
TL;DR: The importance of histamine and biogenic amines in cheese and other fermented foods is focused on and one organism, Lactobacillus buchneri, may be important to the dairy industry due to its involvement in cheese-related outbreaks of Histamine-poisoning.
581 citations
309 citations
296 citations
TL;DR: A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of biogenic amines found in dry sausages: tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine.
Abstract: A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of biogenic amines found in dry sausages: tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine. Amines were extracted with perchloric acid solution and derivatized with dansyl chloride. After derivatization, ammonia was added to remove an interfering peak near cadaverine. Liquid chromatographic separations were performed by using a Spherisorb ODS2 column and an ammonium acetate-acetonitrile gradient elution program. The limits of determination of the individual amines were 1-5 mg/kg. This method is also applicable to detection of amines in other food samples.
289 citations