Similarity between metazoan parasite communities of two sympatric brackish fish species from Brazil.
01 Aug 2008-Journal of Parasitology (American Society of Parasitologists)-Vol. 94, Iss: 4, pp 985-989
TL;DR: The metazoan parasite communities of A. luniscutis and G. barbus were characterized by ectoparasite dominance and scarcity of species with high prevalence, and evidence for 2 distinct infracommunities groups was found.
Abstract: Between March 2000 and February 2003, 63 specimens of Genidens barbus and 69 specimens of Aspistor luniscutis (Siluriformes: Ariidae), sympatric species from the coastal zone of Angra dos Reis (23°01′S, 44°19′W), RJ, Brazil, were necropsied to study their metazoan parasite communities. Parasite community descriptors were calculated and possible similarities statistically tested. Twenty-two species of metazoan parasites were identified, 15 species from G. barbus and 16 associated with A. luniscutis. Nine species were common to both host species; 4 of them exhibited significant differences in terms of abundance and prevalence. Mean total abundance, species richness, diversity, evenness, and Berger–Parker dominance values were not significantly different in the 2 species of fish. Similarity within parasite infracommunities showed highest homogeneity in A. luniscutis. The parasite infracommunities of A. luniscutis and G. barbus were characterized by ectoparasite dominance and scarcity of species with high pre...
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TL;DR: Seventy-four genera comprising approximately 140 named and 75 undetermined species of adult and larval nematodes are associated with about 330 named and 50 und determined species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes from Brazilian waters, with information on their hosts, habitat, distribution and records.
Abstract: Seventy-four genera comprising approximately 140 named and 75 undetermined species of adult and larval nematodes are associated with about 330 named and 50 undetermined species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes from Brazilian waters. These are listed with information on their hosts, habitat, distribution and records. A key to these parasites at the generic level is provided.
99 citations
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19 Apr 2017
TL;DR: An annotated checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) that parasitize freshwater, brackish water and marine fishes, i.e. cartilaginous and bony fishes, in South America is presented and the current knowledge of their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution is reviewed.
Abstract: An exhaustive literature search supplemented by a critical examination of records made it possible to present an annotated checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) that, as adults or larvae (metacestodes), parasitize freshwater, brackish water and marine fishes, i.e. cartilaginous and bony fishes, in South America. The current knowledge of their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution is reviewed. Taxonomic problems are discussed based on a critical evaluation of the literature and information on DNA sequences of individual taxa is provided to facilitate future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. As expected, the current knowledge is quite uneven regarding the number of taxa and host-associations reported from the principal river basins and marine ecoregions. These differences may not only reflect the actual cestode richness but may also be due to the research effort that has been devoted to unravelling the diversity of these endoparasitic helminths in individual countries. A total of 297 valid species, 61 taxa identified to the generic level, in addition to unidentified cestodes, were recorded from 401 species of fish hosts. Among the recognized cestode orders, 13 have been recorded in South America, with the Onchoproteocephalidea displaying the highest species richness, representing c. 50% of all species diversity. The majority of records include teleost fish hosts (79%) that harbour larval and adult stages of cestodes, whereas stingrays (Myliobatiformes) exhibit the highest proportion of records (39%) among the elasmobranch hosts. Fish cestodes are ubiquitous in South America, being mostly recorded from the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific (WTSP; 31%) for marine hosts and the Amazon River basin (45%) for freshwater ones. The following problems were detected during the compilation of literary data: (i) unreliability of many records; (ii) poor taxonomic resolution, i.e. identification made only to the genus or even family level; (iii) doubtful host identification; and (iv) the absence of voucher specimens that would enable us to verify identification. It is thus strongly recommended to always deposit representative specimens in any type of studies, including faunal surveys and ecological studies. An analysis of the proportion of three basic types of studies, i.e. surveys, taxonomic and ecological papers, has shown a considerable increase of ecological studies over the last decade.
40 citations
Cites background from "Similarity between metazoan parasit..."
...Mola mola (Actinopterygii: Molidae); marine; intestine; adult; WTSA; Brazil (Mendes 1944)....
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...Paralichthys isosceles (Actinopterygii: Paralichthyidae); marine; body cavity, mesentery, liver, ovary, stomach; metacestode; WTSA; Brazil (Felizardo et al. 2010)....
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...Lophius gastrophysus (Actinopterygii: Lophiidae); marine; body cavity, intestinal serosa; metacestode; WTSA; Brazil (Knoff et al. 2011)....
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...Nomimoscolex arandasregoi Fortes, 1981 Genidens barbus (Actinopterygii: Ariidae); anadromous; intestine; adult; Guaíba River estuary, WTSA; Brazil (Fortes 1981; Fortes and Hoffmann 1995; Tavares and Luque 2004; Tavares and Luque 2008)....
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...Ahamulina catarina Marques, Jensen & Caira, 2012* Scyliorhinus besnardi (Elasmobranchii: Scyliorhinidae); marine; spiral valve; adult; WTSA; Brazil (Marques et al. 2012; Caira et al. 2013)....
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TL;DR: Community species composition was similar among lagoons, although the influence of local conditions prevented them from being identical, and host traits such as predator feeding habits, body size, and vagility contributed to parasite community structure and species composition.
Abstract: Species richness and composition were determined for parasite communities in the black snook Centropomus nigrescens collected from five coastal lagoons in the Guerrero state, Mexico. A total of 354 fish were collected between December 2007 and November 2008. Twenty-four species of parasite were identified: 2 monogeneans, 12 digeneans, 4 acanthocephalans, 1 cestode, 4 nematodes, and 1 pentastomid. The communities consisted mainly of autogenic parasites, and all were dominated by the digenean Paracrytogonimus yamagutii. Community species composition was similar among lagoons, although the influence of local conditions prevented them from being identical. Host traits such as predator feeding habits, body size, and vagility contributed to parasite community structure and species composition.
22 citations
Cites background from "Similarity between metazoan parasit..."
...…as diet, body size, reproductive behavior, vagility, and migratory habits may influence parasite community structure and species composition (Sasal et al. 1997; Bush et al. 2003; VidalMartinez and Poulin 2003; Luque et al. 2004; Poulin 2003; Violante-González et al. 2008; Tavares and Luque 2008)....
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...Host feeding behavior, body size, vagility, and migratory habits contribute most to parasite community richness and diversity (Sasal et al. 1997; Bush et al. 2003; Tavares and Luque 2008; Mwita and Nkwengulila 2008)....
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...Factors linked to habitat environmental and biological aspects can also affect structure and species composition (Machado et al. 1995; Salgado-Maldonado and Kennedy 1997; Vidal-Martinez and Poulin 2003; Aguirre-Macedo et al. 2007; Mwita and Nkwengulila 2008; Tavares and Luque 2008)....
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...Host-related factors such as diet, body size, reproductive behavior, vagility, and migratory habits may influence parasite community structure and species composition (Sasal et al. 1997; Bush et al. 2003; VidalMartinez and Poulin 2003; Luque et al. 2004; Poulin 2003; Violante-González et al. 2008; Tavares and Luque 2008)....
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TL;DR: The existence of variation in infracommunity and community of parasites for the same host species from different localities indicates the presence of an uneven distribution in terms of species and density of parasites, which are intermediate hosts, and some of them constitute food items for L. friderici in the localities surveyed.
Abstract: This study compared the structure of metazoan parasite communities in two populations of Leporinus friderici from two rivers of the Amazon River system in Brazil. Jainus leporini, Urocleidoides paradoxus, Urocleidoides sp., Tereancistrum parvus, Tereancistrum sp., Clinostomum marginatum, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Octospiniferoides incognita and Ergasilus sp. were found in both hosts. There were differences in species richness of parasites, Shannon index and the evenness between both host populations, because the parasite community showed a similarity of only 33%. Parasites of both host populations had an aggregated dispersion. Host size also contributes to the differences between the populations of hosts investigated, and the feeding habit contributes to the occurrence of endoparasites in L. friderici, an intermediate host for these parasites. The existence of variation in infracommunity and community of parasites for the same host species from different localit...
19 citations
19 citations
References
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TL;DR: Suggestions for various terms used by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites are provided in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms.
Abstract: We consider 27 population and community terms used frequently by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites. We provide suggestions for various terms in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms. We suggest strongly that authors, whether they agree or disagree with us, provide complete and unambiguous definitions for all parameters of their studies.
6,400 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on community classification and Ordination Interpretation using data from the Ecological Community Data and SPECIES ABUNDANCE RELATIONS as a guide.
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2,454 citations
"Similarity between metazoan parasit..." refers methods in this paper
...Discriminate analysis on square-root–transformed data was used to classify different infracommunities, showing which parasite species are responsible for differences and to display the infracommunities within a coordinate system graphically (Ludwig and Reynolds, 1988)....
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TL;DR: Overall studies of parasite communities suggest that the action of processes determining species richness of parasite assemblages becomes less detectable as focus shifts from parasite faunas to infracommunities.
Abstract: Parasite communities are arranged into hierarchical levels of organization, covering various spatial and temporal scales. These range from all parasites within an individual host to all parasites exploiting a host species across its geographic range. This arrangement provides an opportunity for the study of patterns and structuring processes operating at different scales. Across the parasite faunas of various host species, several species-area relationships have been published, emphasizing the key role of factors such as host size or host geographical range in determining parasite species richness. When corrections are made for unequal sampling effort or phylogenetic influences, however, the strength of these relationships is greatly reduced, casting a doubt over their validity. Component parasite communities, or the parasites found in a host population, are subsets of the parasite fauna of the host species. They often form saturated communities, such that their richness is not always a reflection of that of the entire parasite fauna. The species richness of component communities is instead influenced by the local availability of parasite species and their probability of colonization. At the lowest level, infracommunities in individual hosts are subsets of the species occurring in the component community. Generally, their structure does not differ from that expected from a random assembly of available species, although comparisons with precise null models are still few. Overall studies of parasite communities suggest that the action of processes determining species richness of parasite assemblages becomes less detectable as focus shifts from parasite faunas to infracommunities.
1,479 citations
"Similarity between metazoan parasit..." refers background in this paper
...According to Poulin (1997, 2007), component communities have greater homogeneity in vagile hosts and G. barbus seems to be the more vagile species of the 2....
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840 citations