SIMNRA, a simulation program for the analysis of NRA, RBS and ERDA
10 Jun 1999-Vol. 475, Iss: 1, pp 541-544
TL;DR: SIMNRA as discussed by the authors is a Microsoft Windows 95/Windows NT program with fully graphical user interface for the simulation of non-Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reaction analysis and elastic recoil detection analysis with MeV ions.
Abstract: SIMNRA is a Microsoft Windows 95/Windows NT program with fully graphical user interface for the simulation of non-Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reaction analysis and elastic recoil detection analysis with MeV ions. About 300 different non-Rutherford and nuclear reactions cross-sections are included. SIMNRA can calculate any ion-target combination including incident heavy ions and any geometry including transmission geometry. Arbitrary multi-layered foils in front of the detector can be used. Energy loss straggling includes the corrections by Chu to Bohr’s straggling theory, propagation of straggling in thick layers, geometrical straggling and straggling due to multiple small angle scattering. The effects of plural large angle scattering can be calculated approximately. Typical computing times are in the range of several seconds.
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TL;DR: The density of midgap trap states in CQD solids is quantified and shown to be limited by electron-hole recombination due to these states, and a robust hybrid passivation scheme is developed that can passivate trap sites that are inaccessible to much larger organic ligands.
Abstract: Improved performance in a photovoltaic device made of colloidal quantum dots is achieved through a combination of passivation by halide anions and organic crosslinking.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ion-trapping-induced degradation, which is commonly believed to be irreversible, can be successfully eliminated by constant-current-driven de-Trapping, i.e., WO3 films can be rejuvenated and regain their initial highly reversible electrochromic performance.
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TL;DR: Comparing root accumulation and root-to-shoot translocation in wheat of anatase and rutile TiO(2)-NPs with diameters ranging from 14 nm to 655 nm suggests that only the smallest TiO (2) nanoparticles may be accumulated in wheat plants, although in limited amounts and that their impact is moderate.
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TL;DR: In this article, thermochromic films of MgxV1−xO2 were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering onto heated glass and the metal-insulator transition temperature decreased by ∼ 3 K/at.
Abstract: Thermochromic films of MgxV1−xO2 were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering onto heated glass. The metal-insulator transition temperature decreased by ∼3 K/at. %Mg, while the optical transmittance increased concomitantly. Specifically, the transmittance of visible light and of solar radiation was enhanced by ∼10% when the Mg content was ∼7 at. %. Our results point at the usefulness of these films for energy efficient fenestration.
244 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the underlying physics as well as a broad review of applicability of the method is presented in this review, along with a brief introduction of its underlying physics.
Abstract: Helium Ion Microcopy (HIM) based on Gas Field Ion Sources (GFIS) represents a new ultra high resolution microscopy and nano-fabrication technique. It is an enabling technology that not only provides imagery of conducting as well as uncoated insulating nano-structures but also allows to create these features. The latter can be achieved using resists or material removal due to sputtering. The close to free-form sculpting of structures over several length scales has been made possible by the extension of the method to other gases such as Neon. A brief introduction of the underlying physics as well as a broad review of the applicability of the method is presented in this review.
219 citations
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Book•
IBM1
TL;DR: A review of existing widely-cited tables of ion stopping and ranges can be found in this paper, where a brief exposition of what can be determined by modern calculations is given.
Abstract: The stopping and range of ions in matter is physically very complex, and there are few simple approximations which are accurate. However, if modern calculations are performed, the ion distributions can be calculated with good accuracy, typically better than 10%. This review will be in several sections:
a)
A brief exposition of what can be determined by modern calculations.
b)
A review of existing widely-cited tables of ion stopping and ranges.
c)
A review of the calculation of accurate ion stopping powers.
10,060 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The Handbook of Modern Ion Beam Materials Analysis, Second Edition is a compilation of updated techniques and data for use in the ion-beam analysis of materials, written and compiled by over 30 leading authorities in the field of ion beam analysis.
Abstract: The Handbook of Modern Ion Beam Materials Analysis, Second Edition is a compilation of updated techniques and data for use in the ion-beam analysis of materials The information presented is unavailable collectively from any other source, and places a strong emphasis on practical examples of the analysis techniques as they are applied to common problems Revised and updated from the popular handbook previously released in 1995, this edition is written and compiled by over 30 leading authorities in the field of ion beam analysis The book is an excellent introduction to the fundamentals and lab practices of ion beam analysis and is also useful as a teaching text for undergraduate senior or first-year graduate students This text is a comprehensive collection of nuclear and atomic data for the applications of ion beam materials analysis In addition, the DVD includes bonus info - both the Ion Beam Analysis Nuclear Data Library (IBANDL) and GUPIX Subroutines (CSA and YLS) for X-ray Database
1,101 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the Binary Collision Model was used to determine the scattering angle and the time integral of a binary collision, and the authors showed that the BCA model can be used to construct programs based on the classical dynamics model.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- 2. The Binary Collision Model.- 2.1 Laboratory System.- 2.2 Centre-of-Mass System.- 2.3 Relations Between Laboratory and Centre-of-Mass Systems.- 2.4 Energy Transfer.- 2.5 Classical Scattering Theory.- 2.6 Asymptotic Trajectories.- 2.7 Determination of the Scattering Angle and the Time Integral.- 2.8 Limitations of the Binary Collision Approximation.- 2.9 Limitations of the Classical Mechanics Treatment.- 3. Classical Dynamics Model.- 3.1 Newton's Equations.- 3.2 Integration of Newton's Equations.- 3.2.1 Central Difference Scheme.- 3.2.2 Average Force Method.- 3.2.3 Euler-Cauchy Scheme.- 3.2.4 Predictor-Corrector Scheme.- 3.2.5 The Verlet Scheme.- 3.2.6 Nordsieck Method.- 3.3 The Time Step, Bookkeeping.- 4. Interaction Potentials.- 4.1 Screened Coulomb Potentials.- 4.2 The Born-Mayer Potential.- 4.3 Attractive Potentials.- 4.4 Combined Potentials.- 4.5 Empirical Potentials.- 4.6 Embedded Atom Method.- 4.7 Analytical Methods.- 4.8 Comparison of Potentials.- 5. Inelastic Energy Loss.- 5.1 Local Electronic Energy Loss.- 5.2 Continuous Electronic Energy Loss.- 5.3 Comparison.- 6. Thermal Vibrations and Specific Energies.- 6.1 Thermal Vibrations.- 6.2 Specific Energies.- 6.2.1 Cutoff Energy.- 6.2.2 Displacement Energy.- 6.2.3 Bulk Binding Energy.- 6.2.4 Surface Binding Energy.- 7. Programs Based on the BCA Model.- 7.1 Random Target Structures.- 7.2 Monte Carlo Programs.- 7.3 Crystalline Targets.- 7.4 Lattice Programs.- 7.5 TRIM.SP and TRIDYN.- 7.5.1 TRIM.SP.- 7.5.2 TRIDYN.- 7.6 MARLOWE.- 8. Programs Based on the Classical Dynamics Model.- 8.1 Stable, Metastable and Quasi-Stable Programs.- 8.2 Classical Dynamics Programs.- 9. Trajectories.- 10. Ranges.- 10.1 Definitions.- 10.2 Literature.- 10.3 Examples.- 11. Backscattering.- 11.1 Definitions.- 11.2 Literature.- 11.3 Examples.- 12. Sputtering.- 12.1 Definitions.- 12.2 Negative Binomial Distribution.- 12.3 Literature.- 12.4 Examples.- 13. Radiation Damage.- 13.1 Definitions.- 13.2 Component Analysis.- 13.3 Fuzzy Clustering.- 13.4 Literature.- 13.5 Examples.- Abbreviations Used in the Tables.- Constants.- References.- Author Index.
1,060 citations
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