Simple and Choice Reaction Time Following Severe Head Injury
TL;DR: The present results were explicable only in terms of a central, rather than a sensory or motor disturbance produced by head injury which involved the HI subjects in having a reduced speed of processing information.
About: This article is published in Cortex.The article was published on 1970-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 140 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Head injury & Poison control.
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TL;DR: In a follow up study of 57 patients who had sustained a severe closed head injury, 84% still reported some residual deficit in their psychological functioning after two years, with forgetfulness being the most common complaint.
Abstract: In a follow up study of 57 patients who had sustained a severe closed head injury, 84% still reported some residual deficit in their psychological functioning after two years, with forgetfulness being the most common complaint. Expressing the severity of the injury in terms of both the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and the extent to which previous work could be resumed (RTW), principal components analyses showed that the occurrence of "impairment complaints"--viz forgetfulness, slowness, poor concentration and inability to divide attention over two simultaneous activities--was positively related to severity. The other complaints, which in the main could be labelled as "intolerances" were not. The same pattern was found when the analyses were based on deficits of the patients as they were reported by relatives. Severity was not appreciably related to the total number of complaints. The correlation between PTA and RTW was 0.52, indicating that with longer PTA duration, work is likely to be resumed at a lower level, or not at all. Though Russell's cut-off of one week PTA to differentiate between severe and very severe concussion appeared useful, in the present study a further cut-off point at the unlucky number of 13 days was considered.
465 citations
TL;DR: Those neuropsychological measures shown to be the best measures of this deficit included the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, simple and choice reaction-time tasks, colour naming and word reading scores on the Stroop, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test.
Abstract: Aimed to assess, in the light of current attentional theories, the nature of the attentional deficit in a group of severely traumatically head-injured subjects, relative to a group of orthopaedic rehabilitation patients, and to establish which neuropsychological measures best reflected the deficit. Three separate studies were conducted in order to meet these aims. The first study focused on selective attention; the second, on vigilance or sustained attention; the third, on the Supervisory Attentional System. Results provided no evidence for the presence of deficits of focused attention, sustained attention, or supervisory attentional control, but ample evidence for the presence of a deficit in speed of information processing. Those neuropsychological measures shown to be the best measures of this deficit included the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, simple and choice reaction-time tasks, colour naming and word reading scores on the Stroop, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test.
406 citations
01 Jan 1980
283 citations
TL;DR: Studies which provide quantitative analyses of memory function following closed head injury were reviewed and normative data, the time course of recovery, and issues related to the nature of the later memory impairment were described and discussed.
203 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-five children with a head injury resulting in a posttraumatic amnesia of at least one week were compared with an individually matched group of 25 children with orthopedic injuries, and an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was employed to identify specific deficits not shown on the WISC.
Abstract: Twenty-five children with a head injury resulting in a posttraumatic amnesia of at least one week were compared with an individually matched group of 25 children with orthopedic injuries. Both groups were studied a few weeks after the accident and then again at 4 months, 1 year and 2% years after the injury. The head injury group showed a pcrsistent deficit on the WISC Performance IQ scale; the deficit on the Verbal IQ scalc was more transient. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was employed to identify specific deficits not shown on the WISC. On the whole, these tests shvwed a pattern of results similar to that found with the WISC, and in most cases children without deficits on the Performance IQscale ofthe WISC also did not show deficits on the battery of specific tests. However, in a few cases, tests of speed of visuo-motor o r visuo-spatial functioning picked u p deficits attributable to the head injury which occurred in children with normal scores on the WISC.
187 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the subjects on an intelligence test (Raven's Matrices, 1938) and in two vigilance tests (Visual Reaction Time and Continuous Choice Reaction) were compared.
198 citations
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