Simulation of corona discharge in point–plane configuration
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical technique is proposed for determining the distributions of electric field and charge density in the case of a positive corona discharge in gas in the point-plane geometry.
About: This article is published in Journal of Electrostatics.The article was published on 2004-06-01. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Charge density & Corona discharge.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electrohydrodynamic flow in air produced by the electric corona discharge in the pin-plate and pin-grid configurations has been investigated numerically and experimentally.
195 citations
TL;DR: A literature review of the electrohydrodynamic effects associated with corona discharges, from the first observation of the phenomenon to the most recent advancements on its mathematical modeling, as well as the advancements on specific applications, such as thrust, heat transfer improvement, boundary layer enhancement, drying, fluid pumping, and cooling, can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Corona discharge refers to the phenomenon when the electric field near a conductor is strong enough to ionize the dielectric surrounding it but not strong enough to cause an electrical breakdown or arcing between conductors or other components. This phenomenon is unwanted and dangerous in high-voltage systems; however, a controlled corona discharge may be used to ionize a fluid and induce motion by directly converting the electrical energy into kinetic energy. Phenomena that involve the direct conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy are known as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) and have a variety of possible applications today. This paper contains a literature review of the research regarding the EHD effects associated with corona discharges, from the first observation of the phenomenon to the most recent advancements on its mathematical modeling, as well as the advancements on specific applications, such as thrust, heat transfer improvement, boundary layer enhancement, drying, fluid pumping, and cooling.
122 citations
Cites background from "Simulation of corona discharge in p..."
...Several improved algorithms were presented in the following years [21]–[23]; however, their common characteristic was the significant complexity and the requirement for high computing power....
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TL;DR: Experimental and computational studies show that the high-curvature CdS nanostructured catalyst with pronounced proximity effect gives rise to large electric field enhancement, which can concentrate alkali metal cations and thereby results in the enhanced CO 2 electroreduction efficiency.
Abstract: A considerable challenge in the conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels comes from the activation of CO2 to CO2 .- or other intermediates, which often requires precious-metal catalysts, high overpotentials, and/or electrolyte additives (e.g., ionic liquids). We report a microwave heating strategy for synthesizing a transition-metal chalcogenide nanostructure that efficiently catalyzes CO2 electroreduction to carbon monoxide (CO). We found that the cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoneedle arrays exhibit an unprecedented current density of 212 mA cm-2 with 95.5±4.0 % CO Faraday efficiency at -1.2 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE; without iR correction). Experimental and computational studies show that the high-curvature CdS nanostructured catalyst has a pronounced proximity effect which gives rise to large electric field enhancement, which can concentrate alkali-metal cations resulting in the enhanced CO2 electroreduction efficiency.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow in a single wire-plate electrostatic precipitator has been analyzed numerically by employing a hybrid Finite-Element Method-Method of Characteristics numerical algorithm and the commercial computational fluid dynamic software FLUENT6.2.
Abstract: In this paper, the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow in a single wire-plate electrostatic precipitator has been analyzed numerically by employing a hybrid Finite-Element Method-Method of Characteristics numerical algorithm and the commercial computational fluid dynamic software FLUENT6.2. Parameters defining both the electric and the flow fields were predicted. The interaction between the electric and the flow fields has been discussed by adopting the proposed two-way coupling algorithm. With the help of the dimensionless analysis, an entire flow regime map has been developed for different Reynolds (Re) and EHD numbers. It was found that, at very low Re (15) and high EHD (2000) (based on the corona wire) numbers, the EHD flow dominates in the channel; as Re increases, the significance of the EHD wakes gradually decreases; at a higher Re (50) or a lower EHD (500) numbers, the EHD flow becomes the near-corona-wire phenomena, and the main flow dominates the channel. The possible influence of the EHD flow on the particle-collection efficiency was also discussed.
93 citations
Cites background from "Simulation of corona discharge in p..."
...The ionization processes, producing free electrons and positive ions, along with attachment and recombination reactions, occur in the ionization layer....
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...The applied voltage varies from 0 to 29 kV....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the physics of ionic winds and recent developments of the past five years that have pushed the field forward, focusing on the development on bulk air-moving devices we term EHD pumps.
Abstract: An ionic or electric wind is a bulk air movement induced by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phenomena in a gas discharge. Because they are silent, low power, respond rapidly, and require no moving parts, ionic wind devices have been proposed for a wide range of applications, ranging from convection cooling and food drying to combustion management. The past several decades have seen the area grow tremendously leading to a number of new actuation strategies and devices that can be incorporated into various applications. In this review, we discuss the physics of ionic winds and recent developments of the past five years that have pushed the field forward, focusing on the development on bulk air-moving devices we term EHD pumps. We then highlight the ongoing challenges with transitioning ionic wind technologies to the market place, from issues that affect robustness to practical implementation, and point to areas where future research could have an impact on the field.
91 citations
References
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01 Jan 1984
2,794 citations
"Simulation of corona discharge in p..." refers background in this paper
...In the case of Laplace equation, the following integral equation can be written for the surface charge density on the electrode surface, sðQÞ [17]: Z...
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Book•
12 Jul 2000TL;DR: Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics is designed to show the reader how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve electromagnetic (EM) problems using a variety of available numerical methods.
Abstract: Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics is designed to show the reader how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve electromagnetic (EM) problems. It gives them the ability to expand their problem-solving skills using a variety of available numerical methods. Topics covered include fundamental concepts in EM; numerical methods; finite difference methods; variational methods, including moment methods and finite element methods; transmission-line matrix or modeling (TLM); and Monte Carlo methods. The simplicity of presentation of topics throughout the book makes this an ideal text for teaching or self-study by senior undergraduates, graduate students, and practicing engineers.
662 citations
"Simulation of corona discharge in p..." refers methods in this paper
...Conventional FEM procedure leads to formulation of the algebraic system with nodal values of the potential as unknowns [18]....
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Book•
01 Jan 1939
TL;DR: The fundamental processes of electrical discharge in gases have been studied by Loeb et al. as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on self-maintained discharge in high vacua, with most valuable consequences both theoretical and experimental.
Abstract: IN recent years the subject of electrical discharge in gases has entered upon a new and active phase. The burst of activity which was followed by J. J. Thomson's first classical treatise early in this century was ultimately slowed up because the presence of gas essential to the phenomena was in itself a stumbling-block, since it introduced variables not capable of independent experimental control. The focus of attention thus passed in subsequent years from self-maintained discharge to the relatively simpler phenomena in high vacua, with most valuable consequences, both theoretical and experimental. The position then reversed itself in that it was in the details of mechanism of high vacuum phenomena that our knowledge became so much more definite. The time was then ripe for a return to the more complicated problems arising from the introduction of gas at relatively high pressures; helped no doubt by industrial applications of glow discharge much new data has been accumulated during recent years and a critical treatise in the English language embodying these results and relating them to the familiar early work was much needed. Prof. Loeb's volume supplies this need, and the treatment is helped by the fact that the author himself has personally carried out or directed valuable researches on many of its aspects.Fundamental Processes of Electrical Discharge in GasesBy Prof. Leonard B. Loeb. Pp. xviii + 717. (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1939.) 42s. net.
457 citations
Additional excerpts
...For air at normal conditions the ionization coefficient is given as [14] aTðEÞ 1⁄4 Ap1⁄2ðE=E0Þ 2 1 for EXE0; ð6Þ...
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...The gas molecules can be ionized, if the following ionization criterion is satisfied [14]: Z aTðrÞ dr 1⁄4 lnð1þ 1=gÞ; ð5Þ...
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Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the fundamental laws of electrostatics, including Gauss's law, the electric field due to an assembly of charges, and the Kerr and Pockels effect for measurement of electric fields.
Abstract: Historical background and elementary theory: Historical background Fundamental definitions Orders of magnitude Summary of electrostatic equations in uniform fields Gauss's law - the electric field due to an assembly of charges Electrification of solids and liquids: Contact and frictional charging Corona charging Charging by capture of small particles Induction charging Double-layer charging References Measurements and instrumentation: Introduction Potential dividers and resistance probes Electrometers and electrostatic voltmeters Field meters and non-contacting voltmeters Charge measurement - the Faraday cup Measurement of the charge and mobility of individual particles Field and potential probes The use of the Kerr and Pockels effect for measurement of electric fields Capacitance meters Measurement of resistance and resistivity Energy of electrostatic sparks Electrostatics in gas filtration: Introduction Electrostatic precipitation Electron beam desulphurisation and denitrisation Electrostatically enhanced cyclone separators Electrostatic scrubbers and granular bed filters Electrostatically enhanced fabric filters Appendix Miscellaneous applications: Electrostatic atomisation Electrostatic spray coating Electrostatic separation Electrokinetic phenomena in liquids Dielectrophoresis Applications of the corona discharge Electrodynamic containment and control of particles Applications of electromechanical forces Electrostatic copying Electrostatics and the textile industry Electrostatic crystals Electrostatic generators Hazards and problems: Fire and explosion hazards Electrostatic sparks Non-electrostatic sparks Electrostratic eliminators Antistatic agents Electrostatic problems in the electronics industry Adhesion Appendix Theory: Fundamental laws of electrostatics Capacitance and capacitors Polarisation Identification of field lines and equipotentials Electric field and potential by solution of Laplace's equation Earnshaw's theorem Corona discharge theory Appendix Index
379 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical predictions are given of the development of the current and the distributions of charge and electric field in negative corona, or Trichel current pulses, and the predicted velocity of the cathode-directed light pulse agrees well with observations.
Abstract: Theoretical predictions are given of the development of the current and the distributions of charge and electric field in negative corona, or Trichel current pulses [G W Trichel, Phys Rev 54, 1078 (1938)], in oxygen at a pressure of 667 kPa (50 Torr) For a 10-mm-diam negative sphere located 20 mm from a positive plane, the calculated current pulse has a rise time of 11 ns, a pulse width of 50 ns, and a peak amplitude of 13 mA These results agree satisfactorily with experimental values The predicted velocity of the cathode-directed light pulse also agrees well with observations The theory is based on the accurate numerical solution of Poisson's equation in conjunction with the continuity equations for electrons, positive ions, and negative ions The effects of ionization, attachment, recombination, electron diffusion, and photoemission and ion secondary-electron emission from the cathode are all included The initial steep rise of the current pulse is largely due to rapid ionization and electron motion in the high Laplacian field near the cathode As the discharge develops, a dense plasma forms near the cathode, leading to strong space-charge distortion of the field A prominent cathode fall region is formed immediately adjacent to the cathode, an almost zero field is formed within the plasma and the field is enhanced over the region to the anode The current pulse is quenched because the low electric field in the plasma immobilizes the majority of the electrons which then undergo three-body attachment; furthermore, the cathode fall region becomes reduced to such a short distance that insignificant current is produced from this region Because of the low mobility of the negative ions, the current remains low and the structure of the space-charge fields changes only slowly with time between pulses
353 citations