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Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms

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TLDR
Off-axis holograms recorded with a magnified image of microscopic objects are numerically reconstructed in amplitude and phase by calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation to show that the transverse resolution is equal to the diffraction limit of the imaging system.
Abstract
We present a digital method for holographic microscopy involving a CCD camera as a recording device. Off-axis holograms recorded with a magnified image of microscopic objects are numerically reconstructed in amplitude and phase by calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation. For phase-contrast imaging the reconstruction method involves the computation of a digital replica of the reference wave. A digital method for the correction of the phase aberrations is presented. We present a detailed description of the reconstruction procedure and show that the transverse resolution is equal to the diffraction limit of the imaging system.

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Citations
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Digital holographic microscopy: a noninvasive contrast imaging technique allowing quantitative visualization of living cells with subwavelength axial accuracy.

TL;DR: A digital holographic microscope, in a transmission mode, especially dedicated to the quantitative visualization of phase objects such as living cells, is developed, based on an original numerical algorithm presented in detail elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI

Imaging with terahertz radiation

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the various techniques used for terahertz image formation can be found in this paper, as well as numerous examples which illustrate the many exciting potential uses for these emerging technologies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography

TL;DR: Off-axis holograms recorded with a CCD camera are numerically reconstructed with a calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation and the zero order of diffraction and the twin image are digitally eliminated by means of filtering their associated spatial frequencies in the computed Fourier transform of the hologram.
Journal ArticleDOI

Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy

TL;DR: Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications as discussed by the authors, and a review of a subset of the research and development activities in digital holographic microscopy techniques and applications is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

Digital holographic microscopy for live cell applications and technical inspection

TL;DR: Digital holographic microscopy enables a quantitative phase contrast metrology that is suitable for the investigation of reflective surfaces as well as for the marker-free analysis of living cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Phase-shifting digital holography

TL;DR: A new method is proposed in which the distribution of complex amplitude at a plane is measured by phase-shifting interferometry and then Fresnel transformed by a digital computer, which can reconstruct an arbitrary cross section of a three-dimensional object with higher image quality and a wider viewing angle than from conventional digital holography using an off-axis configuration.
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Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction.

TL;DR: The principle of recording holograms directly on a CCD target is described and a real image of the object is reconstructed from the digitally sampled hologram by means of numerical methods.
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Digital holography for quantitative phase-contrast imaging.

TL;DR: A new application of digital holography for phase-contrast imaging and optical metrology and an application to surface profilometry shows excellent agreement with contact-stylus probe measurements.
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Digital Image Formation From Electronically Detected Holograms

TL;DR: In high precision holographic imagery of weak objects of small angular subtense, electronic detection and digital image formation have distinct advantages as mentioned in this paper, and experiments with a vidicon detector and a PDP-6 computer have yielded reconstructed images of good quality with computation times of five minutes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Three-dimensional microscopy with phase-shifting digital holography

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied phase-shifting digital holography to microscopy by deriving the complex amplitude of light scattered from microscopic 3D objects through a microscope objective by video camera recording, phase shifting analysis, and computer reconstruction.
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