Single mimivirus particles intercepted and imaged with an X-ray laser
M. Marvin Seibert,Tomas Ekeberg,Filipe R. N. C. Maia,Martin Svenda,Jakob Andreasson,Olof Jönsson,Dusko Odic,Bianca Iwan,Andrea Rocker,Daniel Westphal,Max F. Hantke,Daniel P. DePonte,Anton Barty,Joachim Schulz,Lars Gumprecht,Nicola Coppola,Andrew Aquila,Mengning Liang,Thomas A. White,Andrew V. Martin,Carl Caleman,Stephan Stern,Chantal Abergel,Virginie Seltzer,Jean-Michel Claverie,Christoph Bostedt,John D. Bozek,Sébastien Boutet,A. Miahnahri,Marc Messerschmidt,Jacek Krzywinski,Garth J. Williams,Keith O. Hodgson,Michael J. Bogan,Christina Y. Hampton,Raymond G. Sierra,D. Starodub,Inger Andersson,Sǎa Bajt,Miriam Barthelmess,John C. H. Spence,Petra Fromme,Uwe Weierstall,Richard A. Kirian,Mark S. Hunter,R. Bruce Doak,Stefano Marchesini,Stefan P. Hau-Riege,Matthias Frank,Robert L. Shoeman,Lukas Lomb,Sascha W. Epp,Robert Hartmann,Daniel Rolles,Artem Rudenko,Carlo Schmidt,Lutz Foucar,Nils Kimmel,Peter Holl,Benedikt Rudek,Benjamin Erk,André Hömke,Christian Reich,Daniel Pietschner,Georg Weidenspointner,Lothar Strüder,Günter Hauser,H. Gorke,Joachim Ullrich,Ilme Schlichting,Sven Herrmann,Gerhard Schaller,Florian Schopper,Heike Soltau,Kai Uwe Kuhnel,Robert Andritschke,Claus Dieter Schröter,Faton Krasniqi,Mario Bott,Sebastian Schorb,Daniela Rupp,M. Adolph,Tais Gorkhover,Helmut Hirsemann,Guillaume Potdevin,Heinz Graafsma,Björn Nilsson,Henry N. Chapman,Janos Hajdu +88 more
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This work shows that high-quality diffraction data can be obtained with a single X-ray pulse from a non-crystalline biological sample, a single mimivirus particle, which was injected into the pulsed beam of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source.Abstract:
The start-up of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the new femtosecond hard X-ray laser facility in Stanford, California, has brought high expectations of a new era for biological imaging. The intense, ultrashort X-ray pulses allow diffraction imaging of small structures before radiation damage occurs. Two papers in this issue of Nature present proof-of-concept experiments showing the LCLS in action. Chapman et al. tackle structure determination from nanocrystals of macromolecules that cannot be grown in large crystals. They obtain more than three million diffraction patterns from a stream of nanocrystals of the membrane protein photosystem I, and assemble a three-dimensional data set for this protein. Seibert et al. obtain images of a non-crystalline biological sample, mimivirus, by injecting a beam of cooled mimivirus particles into the X-ray beam. The start-up of the new femtosecond hard X-ray laser facility in Stanford, the Linac Coherent Light Source, has brought high expectations for a new era for biological imaging. The intense, ultrashort X-ray pulses allow diffraction imaging of small structures before radiation damage occurs. This new capability is tested for the problem of imaging a non-crystalline biological sample. Images of mimivirus are obtained, the largest known virus with a total diameter of about 0.75 micrometres, by injecting a beam of cooled mimivirus particles into the X-ray beam. The measurements indicate no damage during imaging and prove the concept of this imaging technique. X-ray lasers offer new capabilities in understanding the structure of biological systems, complex materials and matter under extreme conditions1,2,3,4. Very short and extremely bright, coherent X-ray pulses can be used to outrun key damage processes and obtain a single diffraction pattern from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into plasma1. The continuous diffraction pattern of non-crystalline objects permits oversampling and direct phase retrieval2. Here we show that high-quality diffraction data can be obtained with a single X-ray pulse from a non-crystalline biological sample, a single mimivirus particle, which was injected into the pulsed beam of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source5. Calculations indicate that the energy deposited into the virus by the pulse heated the particle to over 100,000 K after the pulse had left the sample. The reconstructed exit wavefront (image) yielded 32-nm full-period resolution in a single exposure and showed no measurable damage. The reconstruction indicates inhomogeneous arrangement of dense material inside the virion. We expect that significantly higher resolutions will be achieved in such experiments with shorter and brighter photon pulses focused to a smaller area. The resolution in such experiments can be further extended for samples available in multiple identical copies.read more
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References
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First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser
Paul Emma,R. Akre,J. Arthur,Richard M. Bionta,Christoph Bostedt,John D. Bozek,Axel Brachmann,Philip H. Bucksbaum,Ryan Coffee,F.-J. Decker,Y. Ding,David H. Dowell,S. A. Edstrom,Alan Fisher,Josef Frisch,Sasha Gilevich,Jerome B. Hastings,G. Hays,Ph. Hering,Zhirong Huang,R. H. Iverson,Henrik Loos,Marc Messerschmidt,A. Miahnahri,Stefan Moeller,Heinz-Dieter Nuhn,G. Pile,Daniel Ratner,J. Rzepiela,D. Schultz,T. Smith,P. Stefan,H. Tompkins,Joshua J. Turner,J. Welch,William E. White,Juhao Wu,Gerald Yocky,J. Galayda +38 more
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Potential for biomolecular imaging with femtosecond X-ray pulses
TL;DR: Computer simulations are used to investigate the structural information that can be recovered from the scattering of intense femtosecond X-ray pulses by single protein molecules and small assemblies and predict that ultrashort, high-intensity X-rays from free-electron lasers that are currently under development will provide a new approach to structural determinations with X- rays.
Journal ArticleDOI
Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography
Henry N. Chapman,Petra Fromme,Anton Barty,Thomas A. White,Richard A. Kirian,Andrew Aquila,Mark S. Hunter,Joachim Schulz,Daniel P. DePonte,Uwe Weierstall,R. Bruce Doak,Filipe R. N. C. Maia,Andrew V. Martin,Ilme Schlichting,Lukas Lomb,Nicola Coppola,Robert L. Shoeman,Sascha W. Epp,Robert Hartmann,Daniel Rolles,Artem Rudenko,Lutz Foucar,Nils Kimmel,Georg Weidenspointner,Peter Holl,Mengning Liang,Miriam Barthelmess,Carl Caleman,Sébastien Boutet,Michael J. Bogan,Jacek Krzywinski,Christoph Bostedt,Saša Bajt,Lars Gumprecht,Benedikt Rudek,Benjamin Erk,Carlo Schmidt,André Hömke,Christian Reich,Daniel Pietschner,Lothar Strüder,Günter Hauser,H. Gorke,Joachim Ullrich,Sven Herrmann,Gerhard Schaller,Florian Schopper,Heike Soltau,Kai-Uwe Kühnel,Marc Messerschmidt,John D. Bozek,Stefan P. Hau-Riege,Matthias Frank,Christina Y. Hampton,Raymond G. Sierra,Dmitri Starodub,Garth J. Williams,Janos Hajdu,Nicusor Timneanu,M. Marvin Seibert,M. Marvin Seibert,Jakob Andreasson,Andrea Rocker,Olof Jönsson,Martin Svenda,Stephan Stern,Karol Nass,Robert Andritschke,Claus Dieter Schröter,Faton Krasniqi,Mario Bott,Kevin Schmidt,Xiaoyu Wang,Ingo Grotjohann,James M. Holton,Thomas R. M. Barends,Richard Neutze,Stefano Marchesini,Raimund Fromme,Sebastian Schorb,Daniela Rupp,M. Adolph,Tais Gorkhover,Inger Andersson,Helmut Hirsemann,Guillaume Potdevin,Heinz Graafsma,Björn Nilsson,John C. H. Spence +88 more
TL;DR: This work offers a new approach to structure determination of macromolecules that do not yield crystals of sufficient size for studies using conventional radiation sources or are particularly sensitive to radiation damage, by using pulses briefer than the timescale of most damage processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser
Henry N. Chapman,Henry N. Chapman,Anton Barty,Michael J. Bogan,Sébastien Boutet,Sébastien Boutet,Sébastien Boutet,Matthias Frank,Stefan P. Hau-Riege,Stefano Marchesini,Stefano Marchesini,Bruce W. Woods,Saša Bajt,W. Henry Benner,Richard A. London,Richard A. London,Elke Plönjes,Marion Kuhlmann,Rolf Treusch,Stefan Düsterer,Thomas Tschentscher,Jochen R. Schneider,Eberhard Spiller,Thomas Möller,Christoph Bostedt,Matthias Hoener,David A. Shapiro,Keith O. Hodgson,David van der Spoel,F. Burmeister,M. Bergh,Carl Caleman,G. Huldt,M. Marvin Seibert,Filipe R. N. C. Maia,Richard W. Lee,Richard W. Lee,Abraham Szöke,Abraham Szöke,Nicusor Timneanu,Janos Hajdu,Janos Hajdu +41 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the FLASH soft X-ray free-electron laser was used to reconstruct a coherent diffraction pattern from a nano-structured nonperiodic object, before destroying it at 60,000 K.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 1.2-Megabase Genome Sequence of Mimivirus
Didier Raoult,Stéphane Audic,Catherine Robert,Chantal Abergel,Patricia Renesto,Hiroyuki Ogata,Bernard La Scola,Marie Suzan,Jean-Michel Claverie +8 more
TL;DR: The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genome challenge the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms and this new sequence data might help shed a new light on the origin of DNA viruses and their role in the early evolution of eukaryotes.
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Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography
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